Passive acoustic monitoring reveals seasonal patterns in European green toad calling activity but fails to accurately reflect population abundance

Abstract Amphibians are among the most endangered groups of vertebrates worldwide; therefore, effective population monitoring is crucial for understanding the factors driving these unfavourable trends. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of fully automated passive acoustic monitoring in es...

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Bibliographic Details

Published in:	Scientific Reports
Main Authors:	Mikołaj Kaczmarski, Jan M. Kaczmarek, Agata Radzińska, Michał Budka
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Subjects:	Acoustic indices Amphibian abundance Anura Toad calls Soundscape Urban environment
Online Access:	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11706-3