Contemporary Perspectives on Congestion in Heart Failure: Bridging Classic Signs with Evolving Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategies

Congestion represents a defining hallmark of heart failure (HF) leading to increased morbidity and mortality in HF patients. While it was traditionally viewed as a simple and uniform state of volume overload, contemporary understanding has emphasized its complexity, distinguishing between intravascu...

Full description

Bibliographic Details

Published in:	Diagnostics
Main Authors:	Mihai Grigore, Camelia Nicolae, Andreea-Maria Grigore, Ana-Maria Balahura, Nicolae Păun, Gabriela Uscoiu, Ioana Verde, Adriana-Mihaela Ilieșiu
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Subjects:	congestion heart failure intravascular congestion tissue congestion
Online Access:	https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/9/1083