Progress in Nanofluid Technology: From Conventional to Green Nanofluids for Biomedical, Heat Transfer, and Machining Applications

Nanofluids (NFs), consisting of nanoparticles (NPs) suspended in base fluids, have attracted growing interest due to their superior physicochemical properties and multifunctional potential. In this review, conventional and green NF technology aspects, including synthesis routes, formulation, and app...

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Bibliographic Details

Published in:	Nanomaterials
Main Authors:	Beatriz D. Cardoso, Andrews Souza, Glauco Nobrega, Inês S. Afonso, Lucas B. Neves, Carlos Faria, João Ribeiro, Rui A. Lima
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	MDPI AG 2025-08-01
Subjects:	nanofluids heat transfer nanoparticles thermal conductivity green synthesis applications
Online Access:	https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/16/1242