Progress in Nanofluid Technology: From Conventional to Green Nanofluids for Biomedical, Heat Transfer, and Machining Applications

Nanofluids (NFs), consisting of nanoparticles (NPs) suspended in base fluids, have attracted growing interest due to their superior physicochemical properties and multifunctional potential. In this review, conventional and green NF technology aspects, including synthesis routes, formulation, and app...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Nanomaterials
Main Authors:	Beatriz D. Cardoso, Andrews Souza, Glauco Nobrega, Inês S. Afonso, Lucas B. Neves, Carlos Faria, João Ribeiro, Rui A. Lima
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	MDPI AG 2025-08-01
Subjects:	nanofluids heat transfer nanoparticles thermal conductivity green synthesis applications
Online Access:	https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/16/1242

Similar Items

Recent Developments on the Thermal Properties, Stability and Applications of Nanofluids in Machining, Solar Energy and Biomedicine
by: Glauco Nobrega, et al.
Published: (2022-01-01)

Toward TiO2 Nanofluids—Part 2: Applications and Challenges
by: Liu Yang, et al.
Published: (2017-07-01)

Mixed convection heat transfer utilizing Nanofluids, ionic Nanofluids, and hybrid nanofluids in a horizontal tube
by: Ahmed H. Abdelaziz, et al.
Published: (2022-12-01)

Calculation studies of heat transfer in the flow of nanofluids
by: E. N. Slobodina, et al.
Published: (2023-10-01)

HEAT TRANSFER ENHANCEMENT WITH NANOFLUIDS – A REVIEW
by: A.M. Hussein, et al.
Published: (2013-06-01)

Hybrid Nanofluid Thermal Conductivity and Optimization: Original Approach and Background
by: Jake Wohld, et al.
Published: (2022-08-01)

Study The Convective Heat Transfer of TiO2 /Water Nanofluid in Heat Exchanger System
by: Asmaa H. Dhiaa, et al.
Published: (2015-08-01)

Characterization and Heat Transfer Assessment of CuO-Based Nanofluid Prepared through a Green Synthesis Process
by: Suresh Kumar Shanmugam, et al.
Published: (2023-09-01)

Machine learning-driven analysis of heat transfer and entropy generation in blood nanofluid flow for biomedical applications
by: N. Ameer Ahammad, et al.
Published: (2025-11-01)

NANOFLUID PROPERTIES FOR FORCED CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER: AN OVERVIEW
by: W.H.Azmi, et al.
Published: (2013-06-01)

Investigation of the Effect of Sonication Time on Dispersion Stability, Dielectric Properties, and Heat Transfer of Graphene Based Green Nanofluids
by: Rizwan A. Farade, et al.
Published: (2021-01-01)

A Review of the Advances and Challenges in Measuring the Thermal Conductivity of Nanofluids
by: Reinaldo R. Souza, et al.
Published: (2022-07-01)

Stability and thermophysical properties enhancement of Al2O3-water nanofluid using cationic CTAB surfactant
by: Bhavin Mehta, et al.
Published: (2023-11-01)

Thermal conductivity and viscosity of deionized water and ethylene glycol-based nanofluids
by: A. Abdullah, et al.
Published: (2016-12-01)

Nanofluids effect on the overall transfer coefficients change mechanism analysis
by: Hao Zhu, et al.
Published: (2023-12-01)

Analysis of the Parameters Required to Properly Define Nanofluids for Heat Transfer Applications
by: Sergio Bobbo, et al.
Published: (2021-02-01)

Study on Permeability Enhancement and Heat Transfer of Oil Sands Reservoir Based on Hydrophobic Nanofluids
by: Yanfang Gao, et al.
Published: (2025-02-01)

Nanofluids for Heat Transfer: Advances in Thermo-Physical Properties, Theoretical Insights, and Engineering Applications
by: Ashan Induranga, et al.
Published: (2025-04-01)

On the possibility of nanofluids using as a coolant
by: L. A. Bulavin, et al.
Published: (2010-12-01)

State of art on the role of using a nanofluid in enhancing heat transfer in microchannels with different geometries
by: Mahmoud G. Abd Elfatah, et al.
Published: (2024-12-01)

Enhanced thermal conductivity of plasma generated ZnO–MgO based hybrid nanofluids: An experimental study
by: Aqsa Nazir, et al.
Published: (2024-02-01)

A review on hybrid nanofluids for heat transfer: advancements, synthesis, challenges and applications
by: Sujata Kalsi, et al.
Published: (2025-07-01)

Thermal Conduction in Hybrid Nanofluids and Aggregates
by: Eugene D. Skouras, et al.
Published: (2024-01-01)

Thermal Transport and Rheological Properties of Hybrid Nanofluids Based on Vegetable Lubricants
by: Hélio Ribeiro, et al.
Published: (2023-10-01)

Experiments on Single-Phase Nanofluid Heat Transfer Mechanisms in Microchannel Heat Sinks: A Review
by: Pinar Eneren, et al.
Published: (2022-03-01)

Towards the Correct Measurement of Thermal Conductivity of Ionic Melts and Nanofluids
by: Carlos A. Nieto de Castro, et al.
Published: (2019-12-01)

Geometrical effect coupled with nanofluid on heat transfer enhancement in heat exchangers
by: A.G. Olabi, et al.
Published: (2021-05-01)

Thermal Conductivity of Ionic Liquids and IoNanofluids. Can Molecular Theory Help?
by: Xavier Paredes, et al.
Published: (2021-03-01)

The Impact of Nanofluids on Droplet/Spray Cooling of a Heated Surface: A Critical Review
by: Yunus Tansu Aksoy, et al.
Published: (2020-12-01)

Model for Nanofluids Thermal Conductivity Based on Modified Nanoconvective Mechanism
by: Tiandho Yuant, et al.
Published: (2018-01-01)

Analysis of variance of nanofluid heat transfer data for forced convection in horizontal spirally coiled tubes
by: Milad tajik, et al.
Published: (2015-08-01)

Physico-Acoustic Study on Thermal Conductivity of Silver Nanofluid
by: Ganeswar Nath
Published: (2018-10-01)

Characterizations of MWCNTs Nanofluids on the Effect of Surface Oxidative Treatments
by: Norshafiqah Mohd Saidi, et al.
Published: (2022-03-01)

Special Issue of the 1st International Conference on Nanofluids (ICNf19)
by: Patrice Estellé, et al.
Published: (2020-05-01)

Experimental investigation of dispersion stability and thermophysical properties of ZnO/DIW nanofluids for heat transfer applications
by: Adnan Qamar, et al.
Published: (2022-05-01)

Thermal conductivity of different materials nanofluids Nanofluids of MXenes, metal organic frameworks, and other Nanostructured materials in heat transfer applications: Review
by: Yara I. Soltan, et al.
Published: (2024-07-01)

Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Different Parameters on the Thermal Conductivity of Nanofluids
by: Jun Qin, et al.
Published: (2023-04-01)

Thermal Conductivity of Nanofluids: A Review on Prediction Models, Controversies and Challenges
by: Inês Gonçalves, et al.
Published: (2021-03-01)

Synthesis, thermophysical behavior, and environmental implications of nanofluids: A comprehensive review
by: Anum Shafiq, et al.
Published: (2025-12-01)

Enhanced Heat Transfer Using Oil-Based Nanofluid Flow through Conduits: A Review
by: Sunil Kumar, et al.
Published: (2022-11-01)