Woodland Management as Major Energy Supply during the Early Industrialization: A Multiproxy Analysis in the Northwest European Lowlands

Wood and charcoal were key sources of energy during early industrialization in Europe (18th century), preceding the large-scale exploitation of fossil coal. Past timber harvesting implied land transformation and woodland resources management. Therefore, relict charcoal kilns and historical documents...

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Bibliographic Details

Published in:	Land
Main Authors:	Cláudia Oliveira, Jonathan Bouquerel, Xavier Rochel, Nasrin Karimi-Moayed, Dimitri Vandenberghe, Johan De Grave, Koen Deforce, Simon Devin, Vincent Robin
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	MDPI AG 2022-04-01
Subjects:	charcoal kiln charcoal production <i>Carpinus betulus</i> historical records OSL dating radiocarbon dating
Online Access:	https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/11/4/555