Comprehensive Review Comparing the Development and Challenges in the Energy Performance of Pneumatic and Hydropneumatic Suspension Systems

The purpose of this review is to comprehensively compare the developments and challenges in the energy performance of unconventional pneumatic suspension (PS) and hydropneumatic suspension (HPS), which have special applications in passenger cars, trucks, military vehicles and agricultural equipment....

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Bibliographic Details

Published in:	Energies
Main Author:	Ryszard Dindorf
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Subjects:	vehicle suspension system pneumatic suspension system hydropneumatic suspension system air spring hydropneumatic accumulator energy performance
Online Access:	https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/2/427