Modeling the Ice Mass and Heat Budget in Shallow Central Asian Lakes With Focus on Ice–Water Interaction

Abstract A key challenge in lake ice modeling is quantifying the heat flux from water to ice. In shallow Central Asian lakes, where the seasonal ice cover mainly consists of columnar congelation ice, sunlight penetration enables strong interactions between ice and water. The evolution of ice cover i...

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Bibliographic Details

Published in:	Water Resources Research
Main Authors:	Puzhen Huo, Peng Lu, Matti Leppäranta, Bin Cheng, Chunjiang Li, Xiang Fu, Miao Yu, Zhijun Li, Xuewei Li
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Wiley 2025-09-01
Subjects:	lake ice water‐ice heat flux thermodynamic model limnology lake‐atmosphere heat exchange mass and heat budget
Online Access:	https://doi.org/10.1029/2025WR040070