Evaluation of synergistic factors on BTEX urinary biomarkers in motorcycle riders exposed to heavy traffic in a megacity

Abstract Fuel combustion is a major source of volatile organic compounds such as benzene, a known human carcinogen. Benzene is metabolized into intermediate biomarkers that can be used to assess the extent of exposure. This study aimed to investigate the association between urinary concentrations of...

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Bibliographic Details

Published in:	Scientific Reports
Main Authors:	Ahmad Badeenezhad, Fariba Abbasi, Mostafa Moazamfard, Saeed Yousefinejad, Mohamad Sabaghan, Ali Veisi, Iman Parseh, Omid Azadbakht, Amin Mohammadpour
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Subjects:	Motorcycles BTEX Hippuric acid Muconic acid Trans muconic acid Lifestyle
Online Access:	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-17096-w