Citicoline May Effectively Reduce Hard Exudates in Diabetic Retinopathy

<b>Background/Objectives:</b> Diabetic retinopathy (DR) develops from the interplay of vascular, inflammatory, and neurodegenerative processes. Citicoline, a natural compound essential for cell membranes, enhances neurotransmitter levels, has a neuroprotective effect, reduces oxidative s...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biomedicines
Main Authors: Martina Tomić, Toma Babić, Tomislav Bulum, Spomenka Ljubić, Tomislav Jukić
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-09-01
Subjects:
nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy
hard exudates
glutamate
citicoline
retinal neuroprotection
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/10/2358

Internet

https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/10/2358

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