Regulatory gaps in private supplementary tutoring: international patterns and implications for social protection

The present century has brought marked expansion of private supplementary tutoring across countries of all income levels. Tutoring is provided in diverse modes by commercial enterprises, full-time teachers seeking extra incomes, and informal suppliers ranging from senior-secondary students to retire...

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Bibliographic Details

Published in:	Frontiers in Education
Main Author:	Mark Bray
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-06-01
Subjects:	human rights private tutoring regulations shadow education social inequalities
Online Access:	https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feduc.2025.1602842/full