Quantifying the Impact of Groundwater on Ice Formation in the Great Lakes

Abstract Winter ice conditions in the Great Lakes play a crucial role in shaping ecological processes, shoreline dynamics, and regional weather patterns. Although atmospheric factors are widely acknowledged as the primary drivers of ice formation and duration, the influence of subsurface groundwater...

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Bibliographic Details

Published in:	Water Resources Research
Main Authors:	Saeed Memari, Eric J. Anderson, Mantha S. Phanikumar, Andrew D. Gronewold
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Wiley 2025-09-01
Subjects:	groundwater‐lake interaction hydrodynamic‐ice modeling winter ice formation thermal stratification Great Lakes
Online Access:	https://doi.org/10.1029/2025WR040581