The Metal Oxidation State in Cu, CuO, and Cu<sub>2</sub>O Nanoparticles Plays a Key Role in Toxicity to Sea Urchin <i>Arbacia lixula</i>, <i>Paracentrotus lividus,</i> and <i>Sphaerechinus granularis</i> Embryos
Copper-based nanoparticles (as Cu<sub>2</sub>O) are a key component in marine antifouling paints and, as coatings degrade, release nanoparticles that can affect a wide range of non-target organisms. This study investigates the impact of Cu<sub>2</sub>O nanoparticles on the ea...
| الحاوية / القاعدة: | Toxics |
|---|---|
| المؤلفون الرئيسيون: | , , , , , , |
| التنسيق: | مقال |
| اللغة: | الإنجليزية |
| منشور في: |
MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| الموضوعات: | |
| الوصول للمادة أونلاين: | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/13/6/469 |
