Case Report: early regression and bladder-intact survival after limited-course immunotherapy-based systemic therapy in two patients with clinically staged bulky muscle-invasive bladder cancer

BackgroundRadical cystectomy remains a standard curative treatment for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Bladder preservation after systemic therapy without immediate surgery remains investigational and requires careful patient selection, rigorous reassessment, and structured surveillance. We r...

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Bibliographic Details

Published in:	Frontiers in Immunology
Main Authors:	Su Zhang, Hanghao Zhang, Xingwang Dong, Zhen Qi, Yingjun Ma, Hong Chang, Ye Li, Wei Zhang
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2026-06-01
Subjects:	bladder preservation case report early response immunotherapy-based systemic therapy muscle-invasive bladder cancer
Online Access:	https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1866469/full