Promoting Surface Energy and Osteoblast Viability on Zirconia Implant Abutments Through Glass–Ceramic Spray Deposition Technology

Zirconia is used widely for high-precision custom abutments; however, stress concentration can compromise osseointegration. Although glass–ceramic spray deposition (GCSD) can enhance the surface properties of zirconia, its biological effects remain unclear. In this study, the biological responses of...

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Bibliographic Details

Published in:	Journal of Functional Biomaterials
Main Authors:	Wen-Chieh Hsu, Tao-Yu Cha, Yu-Chin Yao, Chien-Ming Kang, Sheng-Han Wu, Yuichi Mine, Chien-Fu Tseng, I-Ta Lee, Dan-Jae Lin, Tzu-Yu Peng
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	MDPI AG 2025-08-01
Subjects:	zirconia dental restoration abutments glass-ceramic spray deposition cell behavior
Online Access:	https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/16/8/288