Direct-sun versus sky-scan Pandora formaldehyde retrievals: implications for satellite validation and sampling representativeness in Tropical Southeast Asia

<p>Ground-based Pandora spectrometers are widely used for validating satellite formaldehyde (HCHO) retrievals, yet the roles of retrieval geometry and sampling representativeness remain poorly constrained in tropical environments. This study evaluates Pandora Level-2 HCHO columns from five Sou...

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Bibliographic Details

Published in:	Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
Main Authors:	S. A. L. D. Arul, J. H.-W. Chang, Y. J. Wong, M. C.-G. Ooi, J. Liew, F. P. Chee, J. Dayou, J. Sentian, P. Aryastana, N.-H. Lin
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Copernicus Publications 2026-06-01
Online Access:	https://amt.copernicus.org/articles/19/3713/2026/amt-19-3713-2026.pdf