Folic acid-modified ginger-derived extracellular vesicles for targeted treatment of rheumatoid arthritis by remodeling immune microenvironment via the PI3K-AKT pathway

Abstract Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a form of autoimmune inflammation, is marked by enduring synovial inflammation and the subsequent impairment of joint function. Despite the availability of conventional treatments, they are often marred by significant side effects and the associated high costs. Pl...

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Bibliographic Details

Published in:	Journal of Nanobiotechnology
Main Authors:	Ruina Han, Dongyang Zhou, Ning Ji, Zhifeng Yin, Jian Wang, Qin Zhang, Hao Zhang, Jinlong Liu, Xinru Liu, Han Liu, Qinglin Han, Jiacan Su
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	BMC 2025-01-01
Subjects:	Rheumatoid arthritis Plant-derived extracellular vesicles Folate receptor targeting Immune microenvironment PI3K-AKT pathway
Online Access:	https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-025-03096-5