Immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and advance in immunotherapy in melanoma bone metastasis

Melanoma frequently develops bone metastases, leading to skeletal-related events and poor survival. The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a pivotal role in melanoma progression, bone metastasis, and immunotherapy resistance. Key immunosuppressive cells including myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MD...

Full description

Bibliographic Details

Published in:	Frontiers in Immunology
Main Authors:	Yiqun Ma, Lin Zhang, Weimin Liu
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Subjects:	melanoma bone metastasis osteoclasts tumor microenvironment immune checkpoint inhibitors immunotherapy
Online Access:	https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1608215/full