Muscle activity relationships during isometric shoulder internal and external rotation using the ForceFrame dynamometer and athletic shoulder tests in baseball athletes

BackgroundOptimal shoulder and trunk neuromuscular coordination significantly contributes to performance and injury prevention in overhead athletes. Although isolated shoulder rotation tests are often discussed in research, they may not fully evaluate the complex muscle synergies necessary for funct...

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Bibliographic Details

Published in:	Frontiers in Physiology
Main Authors:	Ben Ashworth, Mikulas Hank, Omid Khaiyat, Ginny Coyles, Petr Miratsky, Ferdia Falon Verbruggen, Frantisek Zahalka, Tomas Maly
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-09-01
Subjects:	isometrics muscular strength performance optimization injury prevention
Online Access:	https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2025.1632248/full