The Areca Nut and Oral Submucosal Fibrosis: A Narrative Review

The areca nut (AN) is chewed by approximately 600 million people worldwide. Among AN chewers, ~5% develop oral submucosal fibrosis (OSF), a progressive fibrotic disorder of the oral cavity. OSF is characterized by subepithelial fibrosis and mucosal rigidity, leading to restricted mouth opening, diff...

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Bibliographic Details

Published in:	Dentistry Journal
Main Authors:	Kimia Kazemi, Asmaa Fadl, Felipe F. Sperandio, Andrew Leask
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	MDPI AG 2025-08-01
Subjects:	Oral Submucous Fibrosis betel nut myofibroblasts fibrosis TGF-β arecoline
Online Access:	https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6767/13/8/364