HMGB1-mediated macrophage polarization to M2 phenotype promotes ureteral stricture: therapeutic potential of HMGB1 inhibitors

Abstract Background Ureteral stricture is a common condition characterized by fibrotic narrowing of the ureter, often resulting in obstruction and impaired renal function. The condition is typically associated with chronic inflammation, epithelial injury, and abnormal wound healing responses, leadin...

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Bibliographic Details

Published in:	European Journal of Medical Research
Main Authors:	Jie Zheng, Lingsong Tao, Yingqing Liu, Yang Zhang, Li Cheng, Zongyao Hao
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	BMC 2025-09-01
Subjects:	HMGB1 Ureteral stricture Macrophage polarization TGF-β Fibroblast activation Glycyrrhizin
Online Access:	https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-025-03137-7