Utilization of Urinary Neopterin Levels for Pregnancy Diagnosis in Mated Giant Pandas

Neopterin is a well-characterized marker of cell-mediated immunity. Here, we used neopterin as a biomarker to identify the cellular immunity status of breeding giant pandas throughout gestation. Urine samples were collected from captive adult female giant pandas that had entered estrus and were eith...

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Bibliographic Details

Published in:	Animals
Main Authors:	He Huang, Yuliang Liu, David C. Kersey, Zongjin Ye, Rong Hou, Xianbiao Hu, Mingxi Li
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	MDPI AG 2025-09-01
Subjects:	giant panda neopterin pregnancy biomarker
Online Access:	https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/19/2796