Substitution of Fossil Coal with Hydrochar from Agricultural Waste in the Electric Arc Furnace Steel Industry: A Comprehensive Life Cycle Analysis
The iron and steel industry remains one of the most energy-intensive activities with high CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. Generally, the use of fossil coal as chemical energy in an electric arc furnace (EAF) makes up 40–70% of the total direct emissions in this steelmaking process. Therefore,...
| Published in: | Energies |
|---|---|
| Main Authors: | , |
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/15/5686 |