Adaptation and Outbreak of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Dairy Cattle: An Emerging Threat to Humans, Pets, and Peridomestic Animals

Over the decades, cattle have not been considered primary hosts for influenza A viruses (IAV), and their role in influenza epidemiology has been largely unrecognized. While bovines are known reservoirs for influenza D virus, the recent emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 clade...

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