Cost Modeling for Pickup and Delivery Outsourcing in CEP Operations: A Multidimensional Approach

<i>Background</i>: The growth of parcel volumes in urban areas, largely driven by e-commerce, has increased the complexity of pickup and delivery operations. To meet demands for cost efficiency, flexibility, and sustainability, CEP (Courier, Express, and Parcel) operators increasingly ou...

Full description

Bibliographic Details

Published in:	Logistics
Main Authors:	Ermin Muharemović, Amel Kosovac, Muhamed Begović, Snežana Tadić, Mladen Krstić
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Subjects:	multidimensional cost modeling cost allocation model urban delivery optimization last-mile delivery cost transparency
Online Access:	https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6290/9/3/96