Cost Modeling for Pickup and Delivery Outsourcing in CEP Operations: A Multidimensional Approach

• الحاوية / القاعدة: Logistics
• المؤلفون الرئيسيون: Ermin Muharemović, Amel Kosovac, Muhamed Begović, Snežana Tadić, Mladen Krstić
• التنسيق: مقال
• اللغة: الإنجليزية
• منشور في: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
• الموضوعات: multidimensional cost modeling; cost allocation model; urban delivery optimization; last-mile delivery; cost transparency
• الوصول للمادة أونلاين: https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6290/9/3/96

<i>Background</i>: The growth of parcel volumes in urban areas, largely driven by e-commerce, has increased the complexity of pickup and delivery operations. To meet demands for cost efficiency, flexibility, and sustainability, CEP (Courier, Express, and Parcel) operators increasingly outsource segments of their last-mile networks. <i>Methods</i>: This study proposes a novel multidimensional cost model for outsourcing, integrating five key variables: transport unit type (parcel/pallet), service phase (pickup/delivery), vehicle category, powertrain type, and delivery point type. The model applies correction coefficients based on internal operational costs, further adjusted for location and service quality using a bonus/malus mechanism. <i>Results</i>: Each cost component is calculated independently, enabling full transparency and route-level cost tracking. A real-world case study was conducted using operational data from a CEP operator in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The model demonstrated improved accuracy and fairness in cost allocation, with measurable savings of up to 7% compared to existing fixed-price models. <i>Conclusions</i>: The proposed model supports data-driven outsourcing decisions, allows tailored cost structuring based on operational realities, and aligns with sustainable last-mile delivery strategies. It offers a scalable and adaptable tool for CEP operators seeking to enhance cost control and service efficiency in complex urban environments.