Protection and parameter optimization of one-way surge tower for water conveyance pipelines under complex terrain conditions

Abstract The water hammer protection mechanisms for long-distance gravity-fed water transmission systems under complex terrain conditions remain inadequate. Current engineering practices commonly face issues such as insufficient negative pressure protection efficiency in multiple undulating pipe sec...

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Bibliographic Details

Published in:	Scientific Reports
Main Authors:	Xiaoying Zhang, Chao Wang, Lin Li, Shaokang Bian
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Subjects:	Gravity flow Water hammer Multi-undulating Structural optimization One-way surge tower
Online Access:	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06161-z