Kim Jong Il
In the early 1980s, Kim had become the heir apparent for the leadership of North Korea, thus being established the Kim dynasty, and he assumed important posts in party and army organs. Kim succeeded his father and founder of North Korea, Kim Il Sung, following his death in 1994. Kim was the General Secretary of the WPK, WPK Presidium, Chairman of the National Defence Commission (NDC) of North Korea and the Supreme Commander of the Korean People's Army (KPA), the fourth-largest standing army in the world.
Kim ruled North Korea as a repressive and totalitarian dictatorship.|name=|group=}} Kim assumed leadership during a period of catastrophic economic crisis amidst the dissolution of the Soviet Union, on which it was heavily dependent for trade in food and other supplies, which brought a famine. While the famine had ended by the late 1990s, food scarcity continued to be a problem throughout his tenure. Kim strengthened the role of the military by his ''Songun'' ("military-first") policies, making the army the central organizer of civil society. Kim's rule also saw tentative economic reforms, including the opening of the Kaesong Industrial Park in 2003. In April 2009, North Korea's constitution was amended to refer to him and his successors as the "supreme leader of the DPRK".
The most common colloquial title given to Kim during his lifetime was "Dear Leader" to distinguish him from his father Kim Il Sung, the "Great Leader". Following Kim's failure to appear at important public events in 2008, foreign observers assumed that Kim had either fallen seriously ill or died. On 19 December 2011, the North Korean government announced that he had died two days earlier, whereupon his third son, Kim Jong Un, was promoted to a senior position in the ruling WPK and succeeded him. After his death, alongside "Eternal General Secretary" of the WPK, Kim Jong Il was declared "Eternal Chairman" of the now defunct National Defence Commission, in keeping with the tradition of establishing eternal posts for the dead members of the Kim dynasty. North Korean media also began referring to Kim as "the General" (''Changun''), similar to his father's posthumous designation as "the [eternal] President". Provided by Wikipedia
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22by Ji-Heui Lee, Young Bae Kim, Min Kee Lee, Jong Il Kim, Ji-Yeon Lee, So Young Lee, Eun-Ju Lee, Yong Seock LeeGet full text
Published 2010-09-01
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24by Hyun-Jin Kim, Jin-Ho Park, Seungbok Lee, Ho-Young Son, Jinha Hwang, Jeesoo Chae, Jae Moon Yun, Hyuktae Kwon, Jong-Il Kim, Belong ChoGet full text
Published 2015-01-01
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25by Soo Heon Kwak, Yoon Ji Kim, Jeesoo Chae, Cue Hyunkyu Lee, Buhm Han, Jong-Il Kim, Hye Seung Jung, Young Min Cho, Kyong Soo ParkGet full text
Published 2015-12-01
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26by Jin Yong Kim, Jungyoon Ohn, Ji-Seon Yoon, Bo Mi Kang, Minji Park, Sookyung Kim, Woochan Lee, Sungjoo Hwang, Jong-Il Kim, Kyu Han Kim, Ohsang KwonGet full text
Published 2019-08-01
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29by Arang Rhie, Ho-Young Son, Soo Jung Kwak, Seungbok Lee, Dong Young Kim, Bark-Lynn Lew, Woo-Young Sim, Jeong-Sun Seo, Ohsang Kwon, Jong-Il Kim, Seong Jin JoGet full text
Published 2019-01-01
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31by Jee-Eun Kim, Yoon Ho Hong, Jin Young Kim, Gye Sun Jeon, Jung Hee Jung, Byung-Nam Yoon, Sung-Yeon Son, Kwang-Woo Lee, Jong-Il Kim, Jung-Joon SungGet full text
Published 2017-01-01
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32by Hyun-Jin Kim, Sun-Wha Im, Ganchimeg Jargal, Siwoo Lee, Jae-Hyuk Yi, Jeong-Yeon Park, Joohon Sung, Sung-Il Cho, Jong-Yeol Kim, Jong-Il Kim, Jeong-Sun SeoGet full text
Published 2013-09-01
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33by Ki Yoon Kim, Yu Ri Kim, Kyung Won Choi, Mijung Lee, Somyung Lee, Wooseok Im, Je-Young Shin, Jin Young Kim, Yoon Ho Hong, Manho Kim, Jong-Il Kim, Jung-Joon SungGet full text
Published 2020-07-01
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34by Ho-Young Son, Seong-Wook Sohn, Sun-Hwa Im, Hyun-Jin Kim, Mi Kyeong Lee, Bayasgalan Gombojav, Hyouk-Soo Kwon, Daniel S Park, Hyung-Lae Kim, Kyung-Up Min, Joohon Sung, Jeong-Sun Seo, Jong-Il KimGet full text
Published 2015-01-01
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35by Sung-Young Lee, Jaeho Yoon, Hyun-Shik Lee, Yoo-Seok Hwang, Sang-Wook Cha, Chul-Ho Jeong, Jong-Il Kim, Jae-Bong Park, Jae-Yong Lee, SungChan Kim, Mae Ja Park, Zigang Dong, Jaebong KimGet full text
Published 2011-01-01
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36by Seong-Keun Yoo, Chang-Uk Kim, Hie Lim Kim, Sungjae Kim, Jong-Yeon Shin, Namcheol Kim, Joshua Sung Woo Yang, Kwok-Wai Lo, Belong Cho, Fumihiko Matsuda, Stephan C. Schuster, Changhoon Kim, Jong-Il Kim, Jeong-Sun SeoGet full text
Published 2019-10-01
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37by Seongyeong Kim, Dongjin Shin, Ahrum Min, Minjung Kim, Deukchae Na, Han-Byeol Lee, Han Suk Ryu, Yaewon Yang, Go-Un Woo, Kyung-Hun Lee, Dae-Won Lee, Tae-Yong Kim, Charles Lee, Seock-Ah Im, Jong-Il KimGet full text
Published 2021-01-01
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38by Eun Jin Kim, Wan Beom Park, Jung-Ki Yoon, Won-Sang Cho, Su Jung Kim, Young Rok Oh, Kang Il Jun, Chang Kyung Kang, Pyeong Gyun Choe, Jong-Il Kim, Eun Hwa Choi, Myoung Don Oh, Nam Joong KimGet full text
Published 2020-05-01
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39by Ye Seul Bae, Sun-Wha Im, Mi So Kang, Jin Hee Kim, Soon Hang Lee, Be Long Cho, Jin Ho Park, You-Seon Nam, Ho-Young Son, San Deok Yang, Joohon Sung, Kwang Ho Oh, Jae Moon Yun, Jong Il KimGet full text
Published 2016-06-01
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40by Seong-Keun Yoo, Seungbok Lee, Su-Jin Kim, Hyeon-Gun Jee, Byoung-Ae Kim, Hyesun Cho, Young Shin Song, Sun Wook Cho, Jae-Kyung Won, Jong-Yeon Shin, Do Joon Park, Jong-Il Kim, Kyu Eun Lee, Young Joo Park, Jeong-Sun SeoGet full text
Published 2016-08-01
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