Open Access

Open access literature is defined as “digital, online, free of charge, and free of most copyright and licensing restrictions.” The recommendations of the Budapest Open Access Declaration —including the use of liberal licensing (such as CC BY)— is widely recognized in the community as a means to make a work truly open access.


Creative Commons

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OA is defined in three influential public statements:

1. The Budapest Open Access Initiative (2002) .

2. The Bethesda Statement on Open Access Publishing (2003)

2. The Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities (2003)