Future Biomarkers for Infection and Inflammation in Febrile Children
Febrile patients, suffering from an infection, inflammatory disease or autoimmunity may present with similar or overlapping clinical symptoms, which makes early diagnosis difficult. Therefore, biomarkers are needed to help physicians form a correct diagnosis and initiate the right treatment to impro...
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2021-05-01
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doaj-005189ec8f0b44f3a64256f37613466e2021-05-17T05:47:38ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242021-05-011210.3389/fimmu.2021.631308631308Future Biomarkers for Infection and Inflammation in Febrile ChildrenJudith Zandstra0Judith Zandstra1Ilse Jongerius2Ilse Jongerius3Taco W. Kuijpers4Taco W. Kuijpers5Division Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Blood Supply, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Amsterdam, NetherlandsDepartment of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, NetherlandsDivision Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Blood Supply, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Amsterdam, NetherlandsDepartment of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, NetherlandsDepartment of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, NetherlandsDivision Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Blood Supply, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, NetherlandsFebrile patients, suffering from an infection, inflammatory disease or autoimmunity may present with similar or overlapping clinical symptoms, which makes early diagnosis difficult. Therefore, biomarkers are needed to help physicians form a correct diagnosis and initiate the right treatment to improve patient outcomes following first presentation or admittance to hospital. Here, we review the landscape of novel biomarkers and approaches of biomarker discovery. We first discuss the use of current plasma parameters and whole blood biomarkers, including results obtained by RNA profiling and mass spectrometry, to discriminate between bacterial and viral infections. Next we expand upon the use of biomarkers to distinguish between infectious and non-infectious disease. Finally, we discuss the strengths as well as the potential pitfalls of current developments. We conclude that the use of combination tests, using either protein markers or transcriptomic analysis, have advanced considerably and should be further explored to improve current diagnostics regarding febrile infections and inflammation. If proven effective when combined, these biomarker signatures will greatly accelerate early and tailored treatment decisions.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.631308/fullbiomarkerfebrile childrenbacterial infectionviral infectioninflammation |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Judith Zandstra Judith Zandstra Ilse Jongerius Ilse Jongerius Taco W. Kuijpers Taco W. Kuijpers |
spellingShingle |
Judith Zandstra Judith Zandstra Ilse Jongerius Ilse Jongerius Taco W. Kuijpers Taco W. Kuijpers Future Biomarkers for Infection and Inflammation in Febrile Children Frontiers in Immunology biomarker febrile children bacterial infection viral infection inflammation |
author_facet |
Judith Zandstra Judith Zandstra Ilse Jongerius Ilse Jongerius Taco W. Kuijpers Taco W. Kuijpers |
author_sort |
Judith Zandstra |
title |
Future Biomarkers for Infection and Inflammation in Febrile Children |
title_short |
Future Biomarkers for Infection and Inflammation in Febrile Children |
title_full |
Future Biomarkers for Infection and Inflammation in Febrile Children |
title_fullStr |
Future Biomarkers for Infection and Inflammation in Febrile Children |
title_full_unstemmed |
Future Biomarkers for Infection and Inflammation in Febrile Children |
title_sort |
future biomarkers for infection and inflammation in febrile children |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Immunology |
issn |
1664-3224 |
publishDate |
2021-05-01 |
description |
Febrile patients, suffering from an infection, inflammatory disease or autoimmunity may present with similar or overlapping clinical symptoms, which makes early diagnosis difficult. Therefore, biomarkers are needed to help physicians form a correct diagnosis and initiate the right treatment to improve patient outcomes following first presentation or admittance to hospital. Here, we review the landscape of novel biomarkers and approaches of biomarker discovery. We first discuss the use of current plasma parameters and whole blood biomarkers, including results obtained by RNA profiling and mass spectrometry, to discriminate between bacterial and viral infections. Next we expand upon the use of biomarkers to distinguish between infectious and non-infectious disease. Finally, we discuss the strengths as well as the potential pitfalls of current developments. We conclude that the use of combination tests, using either protein markers or transcriptomic analysis, have advanced considerably and should be further explored to improve current diagnostics regarding febrile infections and inflammation. If proven effective when combined, these biomarker signatures will greatly accelerate early and tailored treatment decisions. |
topic |
biomarker febrile children bacterial infection viral infection inflammation |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.631308/full |
work_keys_str_mv |
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