Divergent Trends of Water Storage Observed via Gravity Satellite across Distinct Areas in China
Knowledge of the spatiotemporal variations of terrestrial water storage (TWS) is critical for the sustainable management of water resources in China. However, this knowledge has not been quantified and compared for the different climate types and underlying surface characteristics. Here, we present...
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doaj-007e500979284f058a3aec4e4701cd822020-11-25T02:41:59ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412020-10-01122862286210.3390/w12102862Divergent Trends of Water Storage Observed via Gravity Satellite across Distinct Areas in ChinaPanxing He0Zongjiu Sun1Zhiming Han2Xiaoliang Ma3Pei Zhao4Yifei Liu5Jun Ma6Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Western Arid Region Grassland Resources and Ecology, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830000, ChinaMinistry of Education Key Laboratory for Western Arid Region Grassland Resources and Ecology, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830000, ChinaState Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Hydraulic Engineering in Arid Area, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, ChinaDepartment of Geography, Shangluo University, Shangluo 726000, ChinaMinistry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, ChinaMinistry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, ChinaKnowledge of the spatiotemporal variations of terrestrial water storage (TWS) is critical for the sustainable management of water resources in China. However, this knowledge has not been quantified and compared for the different climate types and underlying surface characteristics. Here, we present observational evidence for the spatiotemporal dynamics of water storage based on the products from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) in China over 2003–2016. Our results were the following: (1) gravity satellite dataset showed divergent trends of TWS across distinct areas due to human factors and climate factors. The overall changing trend of water storage is that the north experiences a loss of water and the south gains in water, which aggravates the uneven spatial distribution of water resources in China. (2) In the eastern monsoon area, the depletion of water storage in North China (NC) was found to be mostly due to anthropogenic disturbance through groundwater pumping in plain areas. However, precipitation was shown to be a key driver for the increase of water storage in South China (SC). Increasing precipitation in SC was linked to atmospheric circulation enhancement and Pacific Ocean warming, meaning an unrecognized teleconnection between circulation anomalies and water storage. (3) At high altitudes in the west, the change of water storage was affected by the melting of ice and snow due to the rising temperatures, yet the topography determines the trend of water storage. We found that the mountainous terrain led to the loss of water storage in Tianshan Mountain (TSM), while the closed basin topography gathered the melted water in the interior of the Tibetan Plateau (ITP). This study highlights the impacts of the local climate and topography on terrestrial water storage, and has reference value for the government and the public to address the crisis of water resources in China.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/10/2862GRACEterrestrial water storagedivergent trendteleconnection analysisclimate type and topographyChina |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Panxing He Zongjiu Sun Zhiming Han Xiaoliang Ma Pei Zhao Yifei Liu Jun Ma |
spellingShingle |
Panxing He Zongjiu Sun Zhiming Han Xiaoliang Ma Pei Zhao Yifei Liu Jun Ma Divergent Trends of Water Storage Observed via Gravity Satellite across Distinct Areas in China Water GRACE terrestrial water storage divergent trend teleconnection analysis climate type and topography China |
author_facet |
Panxing He Zongjiu Sun Zhiming Han Xiaoliang Ma Pei Zhao Yifei Liu Jun Ma |
author_sort |
Panxing He |
title |
Divergent Trends of Water Storage Observed via Gravity Satellite across Distinct Areas in China |
title_short |
Divergent Trends of Water Storage Observed via Gravity Satellite across Distinct Areas in China |
title_full |
Divergent Trends of Water Storage Observed via Gravity Satellite across Distinct Areas in China |
title_fullStr |
Divergent Trends of Water Storage Observed via Gravity Satellite across Distinct Areas in China |
title_full_unstemmed |
Divergent Trends of Water Storage Observed via Gravity Satellite across Distinct Areas in China |
title_sort |
divergent trends of water storage observed via gravity satellite across distinct areas in china |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Water |
issn |
2073-4441 |
publishDate |
2020-10-01 |
description |
Knowledge of the spatiotemporal variations of terrestrial water storage (TWS) is critical for the sustainable management of water resources in China. However, this knowledge has not been quantified and compared for the different climate types and underlying surface characteristics. Here, we present observational evidence for the spatiotemporal dynamics of water storage based on the products from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) in China over 2003–2016. Our results were the following: (1) gravity satellite dataset showed divergent trends of TWS across distinct areas due to human factors and climate factors. The overall changing trend of water storage is that the north experiences a loss of water and the south gains in water, which aggravates the uneven spatial distribution of water resources in China. (2) In the eastern monsoon area, the depletion of water storage in North China (NC) was found to be mostly due to anthropogenic disturbance through groundwater pumping in plain areas. However, precipitation was shown to be a key driver for the increase of water storage in South China (SC). Increasing precipitation in SC was linked to atmospheric circulation enhancement and Pacific Ocean warming, meaning an unrecognized teleconnection between circulation anomalies and water storage. (3) At high altitudes in the west, the change of water storage was affected by the melting of ice and snow due to the rising temperatures, yet the topography determines the trend of water storage. We found that the mountainous terrain led to the loss of water storage in Tianshan Mountain (TSM), while the closed basin topography gathered the melted water in the interior of the Tibetan Plateau (ITP). This study highlights the impacts of the local climate and topography on terrestrial water storage, and has reference value for the government and the public to address the crisis of water resources in China. |
topic |
GRACE terrestrial water storage divergent trend teleconnection analysis climate type and topography China |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/10/2862 |
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