Biologically Synthesized Gold Nanoparticles Ameliorate Cold and Heat Stress-Induced Oxidative Stress in Escherichia coli
Due to their unique physical, chemical, and optical properties, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have recently attracted much interest in the field of nanomedicine, especially in the areas of cancer diagnosis and photothermal therapy. Because of the enormous potential of these nanoparticles, various physi...
Main Authors: | , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2016-06-01
|
Series: | Molecules |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/21/6/731 |
id |
doaj-00e58eceb114415695264929386e3552 |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-00e58eceb114415695264929386e35522020-11-25T00:11:58ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492016-06-0121673110.3390/molecules21060731molecules21060731Biologically Synthesized Gold Nanoparticles Ameliorate Cold and Heat Stress-Induced Oxidative Stress in Escherichia coliXi-Feng Zhang0Wei Shen1Sangiliyandi Gurunathan2College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, ChinaKey Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, ChinaDepartment of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, KoreaDue to their unique physical, chemical, and optical properties, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have recently attracted much interest in the field of nanomedicine, especially in the areas of cancer diagnosis and photothermal therapy. Because of the enormous potential of these nanoparticles, various physical, chemical, and biological methods have been adopted for their synthesis. Synthetic antioxidants are dangerous to human health. Thus, the search for effective, nontoxic natural compounds with effective antioxidative properties is essential. Although AuNPs have been studied for use in various biological applications, exploration of AuNPs as antioxidants capable of inhibiting oxidative stress induced by heat and cold stress is still warranted. Therefore, one goal of our study was to produce biocompatible AuNPs using biological methods that are simple, nontoxic, biocompatible, and environmentally friendly. Next, we aimed to assess the antioxidative effect of AuNPs against oxidative stress induced by cold and heat in Escherichia coli, which is a suitable model for stress responses involving AuNPs. The response of aerobically grown E. coli cells to cold and heat stress was found to be similar to the oxidative stress response. Upon exposure to cold and heat stress, the viability and metabolic activity of E. coli was significantly reduced compared to the control. In addition, levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and leakage of proteins and sugars were significantly elevated, and the levels of lactate dehydrogenase activity (LDH) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) significantly lowered compared to in the control. Concomitantly, AuNPs ameliorated cold and heat-induced oxidative stress responses by increasing the expression of antioxidants, including glutathione (GSH), glutathione S-transferase (GST), super oxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). These consistent physiology and biochemical data suggest that AuNPs can ameliorate cold and heat stress-induced oxidative damage in E. coli. Our results indicate that AuNPs may be effective antioxidants. However, further studies are needed to confirm the role of AuNPs as antioxidative agents, as well as their mechanism of action.http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/21/6/731Escherichia coligold nanoparticlesheat stresscold stressoxidative stressantioxidants |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Xi-Feng Zhang Wei Shen Sangiliyandi Gurunathan |
spellingShingle |
Xi-Feng Zhang Wei Shen Sangiliyandi Gurunathan Biologically Synthesized Gold Nanoparticles Ameliorate Cold and Heat Stress-Induced Oxidative Stress in Escherichia coli Molecules Escherichia coli gold nanoparticles heat stress cold stress oxidative stress antioxidants |
author_facet |
Xi-Feng Zhang Wei Shen Sangiliyandi Gurunathan |
author_sort |
Xi-Feng Zhang |
title |
Biologically Synthesized Gold Nanoparticles Ameliorate Cold and Heat Stress-Induced Oxidative Stress in Escherichia coli |
title_short |
Biologically Synthesized Gold Nanoparticles Ameliorate Cold and Heat Stress-Induced Oxidative Stress in Escherichia coli |
title_full |
Biologically Synthesized Gold Nanoparticles Ameliorate Cold and Heat Stress-Induced Oxidative Stress in Escherichia coli |
title_fullStr |
Biologically Synthesized Gold Nanoparticles Ameliorate Cold and Heat Stress-Induced Oxidative Stress in Escherichia coli |
title_full_unstemmed |
Biologically Synthesized Gold Nanoparticles Ameliorate Cold and Heat Stress-Induced Oxidative Stress in Escherichia coli |
title_sort |
biologically synthesized gold nanoparticles ameliorate cold and heat stress-induced oxidative stress in escherichia coli |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Molecules |
issn |
1420-3049 |
publishDate |
2016-06-01 |
description |
Due to their unique physical, chemical, and optical properties, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have recently attracted much interest in the field of nanomedicine, especially in the areas of cancer diagnosis and photothermal therapy. Because of the enormous potential of these nanoparticles, various physical, chemical, and biological methods have been adopted for their synthesis. Synthetic antioxidants are dangerous to human health. Thus, the search for effective, nontoxic natural compounds with effective antioxidative properties is essential. Although AuNPs have been studied for use in various biological applications, exploration of AuNPs as antioxidants capable of inhibiting oxidative stress induced by heat and cold stress is still warranted. Therefore, one goal of our study was to produce biocompatible AuNPs using biological methods that are simple, nontoxic, biocompatible, and environmentally friendly. Next, we aimed to assess the antioxidative effect of AuNPs against oxidative stress induced by cold and heat in Escherichia coli, which is a suitable model for stress responses involving AuNPs. The response of aerobically grown E. coli cells to cold and heat stress was found to be similar to the oxidative stress response. Upon exposure to cold and heat stress, the viability and metabolic activity of E. coli was significantly reduced compared to the control. In addition, levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and leakage of proteins and sugars were significantly elevated, and the levels of lactate dehydrogenase activity (LDH) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) significantly lowered compared to in the control. Concomitantly, AuNPs ameliorated cold and heat-induced oxidative stress responses by increasing the expression of antioxidants, including glutathione (GSH), glutathione S-transferase (GST), super oxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). These consistent physiology and biochemical data suggest that AuNPs can ameliorate cold and heat stress-induced oxidative damage in E. coli. Our results indicate that AuNPs may be effective antioxidants. However, further studies are needed to confirm the role of AuNPs as antioxidative agents, as well as their mechanism of action. |
topic |
Escherichia coli gold nanoparticles heat stress cold stress oxidative stress antioxidants |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/21/6/731 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT xifengzhang biologicallysynthesizedgoldnanoparticlesamelioratecoldandheatstressinducedoxidativestressinescherichiacoli AT weishen biologicallysynthesizedgoldnanoparticlesamelioratecoldandheatstressinducedoxidativestressinescherichiacoli AT sangiliyandigurunathan biologicallysynthesizedgoldnanoparticlesamelioratecoldandheatstressinducedoxidativestressinescherichiacoli |
_version_ |
1725402077975281664 |