Optimal Sizing of On-Board Energy Storage Systems and Stationary Charging Infrastructures for a Catenary-Free Tram
This paper introduces an optimal sizing method for a catenary-free tram, in which both on-board energy storage systems and charging infrastructures are considered. To quantitatively analyze the trade-off between available charging time and economic operation, a daily cost function containing a whole...
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doaj-01fc8110e95e409d9a5129c2bb28e9562020-11-27T08:09:57ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732020-11-01136227622710.3390/en13236227Optimal Sizing of On-Board Energy Storage Systems and Stationary Charging Infrastructures for a Catenary-Free TramYing Yang0Weige Zhang1Shaoyuan Wei2Zhenpo Wang3CRRC Zhuzhou Locomotive Co., Ltd., Zhuzhou 412001, ChinaSchool of Electrical Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, ChinaSchool of Electrical Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, ChinaNational Engineering Laboratory for Electric Vehicles, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, ChinaThis paper introduces an optimal sizing method for a catenary-free tram, in which both on-board energy storage systems and charging infrastructures are considered. To quantitatively analyze the trade-off between available charging time and economic operation, a daily cost function containing a whole life-time cost of energy storage and an expense of energy supplies is formulated for the optimal sizing problem. A mixed particle swarm optimization algorithm is utilized to find optimal solutions for three schemes: (1) ultracapacitors storage systems with fast-charging at each station; (2) battery storage systems with slow-charging at starting and final stations; (3) battery storage systems with fast-swapping at swapping station . A case study on an existing catenary-free tramline in China is applied to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Results show that a daily-cost reduction over 30% and a weight reduction over 40% can be achieved by scheme 2, and a cost saving of 34.23% and a weight reduction of 32.46% can be obtained by scheme 3.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/23/6227catenary-free tramon-board energy storage systemcharging infrastructureoptimal sizingeconomic operation |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Ying Yang Weige Zhang Shaoyuan Wei Zhenpo Wang |
spellingShingle |
Ying Yang Weige Zhang Shaoyuan Wei Zhenpo Wang Optimal Sizing of On-Board Energy Storage Systems and Stationary Charging Infrastructures for a Catenary-Free Tram Energies catenary-free tram on-board energy storage system charging infrastructure optimal sizing economic operation |
author_facet |
Ying Yang Weige Zhang Shaoyuan Wei Zhenpo Wang |
author_sort |
Ying Yang |
title |
Optimal Sizing of On-Board Energy Storage Systems and Stationary Charging Infrastructures for a Catenary-Free Tram |
title_short |
Optimal Sizing of On-Board Energy Storage Systems and Stationary Charging Infrastructures for a Catenary-Free Tram |
title_full |
Optimal Sizing of On-Board Energy Storage Systems and Stationary Charging Infrastructures for a Catenary-Free Tram |
title_fullStr |
Optimal Sizing of On-Board Energy Storage Systems and Stationary Charging Infrastructures for a Catenary-Free Tram |
title_full_unstemmed |
Optimal Sizing of On-Board Energy Storage Systems and Stationary Charging Infrastructures for a Catenary-Free Tram |
title_sort |
optimal sizing of on-board energy storage systems and stationary charging infrastructures for a catenary-free tram |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Energies |
issn |
1996-1073 |
publishDate |
2020-11-01 |
description |
This paper introduces an optimal sizing method for a catenary-free tram, in which both on-board energy storage systems and charging infrastructures are considered. To quantitatively analyze the trade-off between available charging time and economic operation, a daily cost function containing a whole life-time cost of energy storage and an expense of energy supplies is formulated for the optimal sizing problem. A mixed particle swarm optimization algorithm is utilized to find optimal solutions for three schemes: (1) ultracapacitors storage systems with fast-charging at each station; (2) battery storage systems with slow-charging at starting and final stations; (3) battery storage systems with fast-swapping at swapping station . A case study on an existing catenary-free tramline in China is applied to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Results show that a daily-cost reduction over 30% and a weight reduction over 40% can be achieved by scheme 2, and a cost saving of 34.23% and a weight reduction of 32.46% can be obtained by scheme 3. |
topic |
catenary-free tram on-board energy storage system charging infrastructure optimal sizing economic operation |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/23/6227 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT yingyang optimalsizingofonboardenergystoragesystemsandstationarycharginginfrastructuresforacatenaryfreetram AT weigezhang optimalsizingofonboardenergystoragesystemsandstationarycharginginfrastructuresforacatenaryfreetram AT shaoyuanwei optimalsizingofonboardenergystoragesystemsandstationarycharginginfrastructuresforacatenaryfreetram AT zhenpowang optimalsizingofonboardenergystoragesystemsandstationarycharginginfrastructuresforacatenaryfreetram |
_version_ |
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