Rational Vaccine Design in Times of Emerging Diseases: The Critical Choices of Immunological Correlates of Protection, Vaccine Antigen and Immunomodulation
Vaccines are the most effective medical intervention due to their continual success in preventing infections and improving mortality worldwide. Early vaccines were developed empirically however, rational design of vaccines can allow us to optimise their efficacy, by tailoring the immune response. Es...
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doaj-0249c99acc3545c8937b3a2a29d221912021-04-06T23:06:17ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232021-04-011350150110.3390/pharmaceutics13040501Rational Vaccine Design in Times of Emerging Diseases: The Critical Choices of Immunological Correlates of Protection, Vaccine Antigen and ImmunomodulationVirgil Schijns0Dragomira Majhen1Peter van der Ley2Aneesh Thakur3Artur Summerfield4Rita Berisio5Cristina Nativi6Alberto Fernández-Tejada7Carmen Álverez-Dominguez8Sveinbjörn Gizurarson9Alla Zamyatina10Antonio Molinaro11Camillo Rosano12Žiga Jakopin13Ihsan Gursel14Siobhán McClean15Intravacc, Institute for Translational Vaccinology (Intravacc), Utrecht Science park, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The NetherlandsLaboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Instiute, HR-10000 Zagreb, CroatiaIntravacc, Institute for Translational Vaccinology (Intravacc), Utrecht Science park, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The NetherlandsDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, DenmarkInstitute of Virology and Immunology, 3147 Mittelhausern, SwitzerlandInstitute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council, I-80134 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, ItalyChemical Immunology Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Biscay Science and Technology Park, 48160 Derio-Bilbao, SpainFacultativo en plantilla (Research Faculty), Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, SpainFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, 107 Reykjavik, IcelandDepartment of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, AustriaDepartment of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Santangelo, I-80126 Napoli, ItalyProteomics and Mass Spectrometry Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova-1, ItalyFaculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubiljana, SloveniaMolecular Biology and Genetics Department, Science Faculty, Bilkent University, Bilkent, 06800 Ankara, TurkeySchool of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, D04 V1W8, IrelandVaccines are the most effective medical intervention due to their continual success in preventing infections and improving mortality worldwide. Early vaccines were developed empirically however, rational design of vaccines can allow us to optimise their efficacy, by tailoring the immune response. Establishing the immune correlates of protection greatly informs the rational design of vaccines. This facilitates the selection of the best vaccine antigens and the most appropriate vaccine adjuvant to generate optimal memory immune T cell and B cell responses. This review outlines the range of vaccine types that are currently authorised and those under development. We outline the optimal immunological correlates of protection that can be targeted. Finally we review approaches to rational antigen selection and rational vaccine adjuvant design. Harnessing current knowledge on protective immune responses in combination with critical vaccine components is imperative to the prevention of future life-threatening diseases.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/13/4/501rationalvaccinedesignantigenadjuvantdelivery system |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Virgil Schijns Dragomira Majhen Peter van der Ley Aneesh Thakur Artur Summerfield Rita Berisio Cristina Nativi Alberto Fernández-Tejada Carmen Álverez-Dominguez Sveinbjörn Gizurarson Alla Zamyatina Antonio Molinaro Camillo Rosano Žiga Jakopin Ihsan Gursel Siobhán McClean |
spellingShingle |
Virgil Schijns Dragomira Majhen Peter van der Ley Aneesh Thakur Artur Summerfield Rita Berisio Cristina Nativi Alberto Fernández-Tejada Carmen Álverez-Dominguez Sveinbjörn Gizurarson Alla Zamyatina Antonio Molinaro Camillo Rosano Žiga Jakopin Ihsan Gursel Siobhán McClean Rational Vaccine Design in Times of Emerging Diseases: The Critical Choices of Immunological Correlates of Protection, Vaccine Antigen and Immunomodulation Pharmaceutics rational vaccine design antigen adjuvant delivery system |
author_facet |
Virgil Schijns Dragomira Majhen Peter van der Ley Aneesh Thakur Artur Summerfield Rita Berisio Cristina Nativi Alberto Fernández-Tejada Carmen Álverez-Dominguez Sveinbjörn Gizurarson Alla Zamyatina Antonio Molinaro Camillo Rosano Žiga Jakopin Ihsan Gursel Siobhán McClean |
author_sort |
Virgil Schijns |
title |
Rational Vaccine Design in Times of Emerging Diseases: The Critical Choices of Immunological Correlates of Protection, Vaccine Antigen and Immunomodulation |
title_short |
Rational Vaccine Design in Times of Emerging Diseases: The Critical Choices of Immunological Correlates of Protection, Vaccine Antigen and Immunomodulation |
title_full |
Rational Vaccine Design in Times of Emerging Diseases: The Critical Choices of Immunological Correlates of Protection, Vaccine Antigen and Immunomodulation |
title_fullStr |
Rational Vaccine Design in Times of Emerging Diseases: The Critical Choices of Immunological Correlates of Protection, Vaccine Antigen and Immunomodulation |
title_full_unstemmed |
Rational Vaccine Design in Times of Emerging Diseases: The Critical Choices of Immunological Correlates of Protection, Vaccine Antigen and Immunomodulation |
title_sort |
rational vaccine design in times of emerging diseases: the critical choices of immunological correlates of protection, vaccine antigen and immunomodulation |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Pharmaceutics |
issn |
1999-4923 |
publishDate |
2021-04-01 |
description |
Vaccines are the most effective medical intervention due to their continual success in preventing infections and improving mortality worldwide. Early vaccines were developed empirically however, rational design of vaccines can allow us to optimise their efficacy, by tailoring the immune response. Establishing the immune correlates of protection greatly informs the rational design of vaccines. This facilitates the selection of the best vaccine antigens and the most appropriate vaccine adjuvant to generate optimal memory immune T cell and B cell responses. This review outlines the range of vaccine types that are currently authorised and those under development. We outline the optimal immunological correlates of protection that can be targeted. Finally we review approaches to rational antigen selection and rational vaccine adjuvant design. Harnessing current knowledge on protective immune responses in combination with critical vaccine components is imperative to the prevention of future life-threatening diseases. |
topic |
rational vaccine design antigen adjuvant delivery system |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/13/4/501 |
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