Metabolomic studies as a tool for determining the post-mortem interval (PMI) in stillborn calves
Abstract Background Perinatal mortality may vary between herds, but the cost of deaths are always higher than value of the calf. When diagnosing the cause of a calf’s death it is important to determine when it occurred, before or after calving. Metabolomics is widely used to identify many human dise...
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doaj-02a74c2e96564d309b4162d98bd548302020-11-25T03:51:24ZengBMCBMC Veterinary Research1746-61482019-06-0115111010.1186/s12917-019-1935-4Metabolomic studies as a tool for determining the post-mortem interval (PMI) in stillborn calvesPaulina Jawor0Adam Ząbek1Wojciech Wojtowicz2Dawid Król3Tadeusz Stefaniak4Piotr Młynarz5Department of Immunology, Pathophysiology and Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life SciencesDepartment of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wroclaw University of TechnologyDepartment of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wroclaw University of TechnologyDepartment of Immunology, Pathophysiology and Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life SciencesDepartment of Immunology, Pathophysiology and Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life SciencesDepartment of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wroclaw University of TechnologyAbstract Background Perinatal mortality may vary between herds, but the cost of deaths are always higher than value of the calf. When diagnosing the cause of a calf’s death it is important to determine when it occurred, before or after calving. Metabolomics is widely used to identify many human diseases, but quite rarely applied in veterinary science. The aim of this study was to compare the metabolic profiles of calves with different times of death and those of calves born alive. Into the study, twenty one healthy controls (singleton, normal assisted calving, born alive) and 75 stillborn (SB) calves (with a gestation length of ≥260 days, SB, or dead within 6 h of birth) were enrolled. Plasma and urine from SB and control calves were investigated by proton nuclear magnetic resonance based metabolomic methods. SB calves were divided into four PMI groups. One PMI group included calves that died after calving and the other groups - three comprised in utero deaths, based on pathophysiological changes (lung inflation, autolysis in internal organs, hemoglobin imbibition in the pleura and aortic arch). Partial Least Squares - Discriminant Analysis models based on plasma metabolites were calculated, reflecting assumed data clustering. Results Twenty six metabolites in plasma and 29 in urine changed significantly with PMI according to one way analysis of variance. Half the metabolites in plasma and the majority in urine increased with PMI. Six metabolites increased simultaneously in plasma and urine: acetate, sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (GPC), leucine, valine, creatine, and alanine. Conclusions Post-mortem changes in calves were associated with molecular variations in blood plasma and urine, showing the greatest differences for the group in which the post-mortem pathological changes were the most advanced. The results of the study show that evaluation of calf plasma or urine may be used as a diagnostic method for the determination of the PMI. Moreover, the metabolites, which unambiguously increased or decreased, can be used as potential biomarkers of PMI.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12917-019-1935-4Stillborn calfMetabolomicsMolecular diagnosticsVeterinary scienceNuclear magnetic resonance |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Paulina Jawor Adam Ząbek Wojciech Wojtowicz Dawid Król Tadeusz Stefaniak Piotr Młynarz |
spellingShingle |
Paulina Jawor Adam Ząbek Wojciech Wojtowicz Dawid Król Tadeusz Stefaniak Piotr Młynarz Metabolomic studies as a tool for determining the post-mortem interval (PMI) in stillborn calves BMC Veterinary Research Stillborn calf Metabolomics Molecular diagnostics Veterinary science Nuclear magnetic resonance |
author_facet |
Paulina Jawor Adam Ząbek Wojciech Wojtowicz Dawid Król Tadeusz Stefaniak Piotr Młynarz |
author_sort |
Paulina Jawor |
title |
Metabolomic studies as a tool for determining the post-mortem interval (PMI) in stillborn calves |
title_short |
Metabolomic studies as a tool for determining the post-mortem interval (PMI) in stillborn calves |
title_full |
Metabolomic studies as a tool for determining the post-mortem interval (PMI) in stillborn calves |
title_fullStr |
Metabolomic studies as a tool for determining the post-mortem interval (PMI) in stillborn calves |
title_full_unstemmed |
Metabolomic studies as a tool for determining the post-mortem interval (PMI) in stillborn calves |
title_sort |
metabolomic studies as a tool for determining the post-mortem interval (pmi) in stillborn calves |
publisher |
BMC |
series |
BMC Veterinary Research |
issn |
1746-6148 |
publishDate |
2019-06-01 |
description |
Abstract Background Perinatal mortality may vary between herds, but the cost of deaths are always higher than value of the calf. When diagnosing the cause of a calf’s death it is important to determine when it occurred, before or after calving. Metabolomics is widely used to identify many human diseases, but quite rarely applied in veterinary science. The aim of this study was to compare the metabolic profiles of calves with different times of death and those of calves born alive. Into the study, twenty one healthy controls (singleton, normal assisted calving, born alive) and 75 stillborn (SB) calves (with a gestation length of ≥260 days, SB, or dead within 6 h of birth) were enrolled. Plasma and urine from SB and control calves were investigated by proton nuclear magnetic resonance based metabolomic methods. SB calves were divided into four PMI groups. One PMI group included calves that died after calving and the other groups - three comprised in utero deaths, based on pathophysiological changes (lung inflation, autolysis in internal organs, hemoglobin imbibition in the pleura and aortic arch). Partial Least Squares - Discriminant Analysis models based on plasma metabolites were calculated, reflecting assumed data clustering. Results Twenty six metabolites in plasma and 29 in urine changed significantly with PMI according to one way analysis of variance. Half the metabolites in plasma and the majority in urine increased with PMI. Six metabolites increased simultaneously in plasma and urine: acetate, sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (GPC), leucine, valine, creatine, and alanine. Conclusions Post-mortem changes in calves were associated with molecular variations in blood plasma and urine, showing the greatest differences for the group in which the post-mortem pathological changes were the most advanced. The results of the study show that evaluation of calf plasma or urine may be used as a diagnostic method for the determination of the PMI. Moreover, the metabolites, which unambiguously increased or decreased, can be used as potential biomarkers of PMI. |
topic |
Stillborn calf Metabolomics Molecular diagnostics Veterinary science Nuclear magnetic resonance |
url |
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12917-019-1935-4 |
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