Exophiala dermatitidis: Key issues of an opportunistic fungal pathogen
The black yeast Exophiala dermatitidis is an opportunistic pathogen, causing phaeohyphomycosis in immunosuppressed patients, chromoblastomycosis and fatal infections of the central nervous system in otherwise healthy Asian patients. In addition, it is also regularly isolated from respiratory samples...
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2019-01-01
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doaj-0331a15b427a4ba0bce05fc2da4c48092020-11-25T02:43:17ZengTaylor & Francis GroupVirulence2150-55942150-56082019-01-0110198499810.1080/21505594.2019.15965041596504Exophiala dermatitidis: Key issues of an opportunistic fungal pathogenLisa Kirchhoff0Maike Olsowski1Peter-Michael Rath2Joerg Steinmann3University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-EssenUniversity Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-EssenUniversity Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-EssenUniversity Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-EssenThe black yeast Exophiala dermatitidis is an opportunistic pathogen, causing phaeohyphomycosis in immunosuppressed patients, chromoblastomycosis and fatal infections of the central nervous system in otherwise healthy Asian patients. In addition, it is also regularly isolated from respiratory samples from cystic fibrosis patients, with rates varying between 1% and 19%. Melanin, as part of the cell wall of black yeasts, is one major factor known contributing to the pathogenicity of E. dermatitidis and increased resistance against host defense and anti-infective therapeutics. Further virulence factors, e.g. the capability to adhere to surfaces and to form biofilm were reported. A better understanding of the pathogenicity of E. dermatitidis is essential for the development of novel preventive and therapeutic strategies. In this review, the current knowledge of E. dermatitidis prevalence, clinical importance, diagnosis, microbiological characteristics, virulence attributes, susceptibility, and resistances as well as therapeutically strategies are discussed.http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21505594.2019.1596504exophiala dermatitidiswangiella dermatitidisblack yeastcystic fibrosisphaeohyphomycosispolymorphismvirulencepathogenicity |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Lisa Kirchhoff Maike Olsowski Peter-Michael Rath Joerg Steinmann |
spellingShingle |
Lisa Kirchhoff Maike Olsowski Peter-Michael Rath Joerg Steinmann Exophiala dermatitidis: Key issues of an opportunistic fungal pathogen Virulence exophiala dermatitidis wangiella dermatitidis black yeast cystic fibrosis phaeohyphomycosis polymorphism virulence pathogenicity |
author_facet |
Lisa Kirchhoff Maike Olsowski Peter-Michael Rath Joerg Steinmann |
author_sort |
Lisa Kirchhoff |
title |
Exophiala dermatitidis: Key issues of an opportunistic fungal pathogen |
title_short |
Exophiala dermatitidis: Key issues of an opportunistic fungal pathogen |
title_full |
Exophiala dermatitidis: Key issues of an opportunistic fungal pathogen |
title_fullStr |
Exophiala dermatitidis: Key issues of an opportunistic fungal pathogen |
title_full_unstemmed |
Exophiala dermatitidis: Key issues of an opportunistic fungal pathogen |
title_sort |
exophiala dermatitidis: key issues of an opportunistic fungal pathogen |
publisher |
Taylor & Francis Group |
series |
Virulence |
issn |
2150-5594 2150-5608 |
publishDate |
2019-01-01 |
description |
The black yeast Exophiala dermatitidis is an opportunistic pathogen, causing phaeohyphomycosis in immunosuppressed patients, chromoblastomycosis and fatal infections of the central nervous system in otherwise healthy Asian patients. In addition, it is also regularly isolated from respiratory samples from cystic fibrosis patients, with rates varying between 1% and 19%. Melanin, as part of the cell wall of black yeasts, is one major factor known contributing to the pathogenicity of E. dermatitidis and increased resistance against host defense and anti-infective therapeutics. Further virulence factors, e.g. the capability to adhere to surfaces and to form biofilm were reported. A better understanding of the pathogenicity of E. dermatitidis is essential for the development of novel preventive and therapeutic strategies. In this review, the current knowledge of E. dermatitidis prevalence, clinical importance, diagnosis, microbiological characteristics, virulence attributes, susceptibility, and resistances as well as therapeutically strategies are discussed. |
topic |
exophiala dermatitidis wangiella dermatitidis black yeast cystic fibrosis phaeohyphomycosis polymorphism virulence pathogenicity |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21505594.2019.1596504 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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