Effect of the Financial Crisis on Socioeconomic Inequalities in Mortality in Small Areas in Seven Spanish Cities
Background: The aim of this study was to analyze the trend in socioeconomic inequalities in mortality in small areas due to several specific causes before (2001−2004, 2005−2008) and during (2009−2012) the economic crisis in seven Spanish cities. Methods: This ecological...
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doaj-0360c9e8b2594dc4ae1e62ad36ee9c612020-11-25T01:12:58ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health1660-46012020-02-0117395810.3390/ijerph17030958ijerph17030958Effect of the Financial Crisis on Socioeconomic Inequalities in Mortality in Small Areas in Seven Spanish CitiesMercè Gotsens0Josep Ferrando1Marc Marí-Dell’Olmo2Laia Palència3Xavier Bartoll4Ana Gandarillas5Pablo Sanchez-Villegas6Santi Esnaola7Antonio Daponte8Carme Borrell9Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, 08023 Barcelona, SpainAgència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, 08023 Barcelona, SpainAgència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, 08023 Barcelona, SpainAgència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, 08023 Barcelona, SpainAgència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, 08023 Barcelona, SpainDirección General de Salud Pública, Consejería de Sanidad, Comunidad de Madrid, 28035 Madrid, SpainCIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Health of the Basque Country, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, SpainCIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, SpainAgència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, 08023 Barcelona, SpainBackground: The aim of this study was to analyze the trend in socioeconomic inequalities in mortality in small areas due to several specific causes before (2001−2004, 2005−2008) and during (2009−2012) the economic crisis in seven Spanish cities. Methods: This ecological study of trends, with census tracts as the areas of analysis, was based on three periods. Several causes of death were studied. A socioeconomic deprivation index was calculated for each census tract. For each small area, we estimated standardized mortality ratios, and controlled for their variability using Bayesian models (sSMR). We also estimated the relative risk of mortality according to deprivation in the different cities, periods, and sexes. Results: In general, a similar geographical pattern was found for the socioeconomic deprivation index and sSMR. For men, there was an association in all cities between the deprivation index and all-cause mortality that remained stable over the three periods. For women, there was an association in Barcelona, Granada, and Sevilla between the deprivation index and all-cause mortality in the third period. Patterns by causes of death were more heterogeneous. Conclusions: After the start of the financial crisis, socioeconomic inequalities in total mortality in small areas of Spanish cities remained stable in most cities, although several causes of death showed a different pattern.https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/3/958socioeconomic factorstrendsmortalityinequalitiesurban areassmall areas |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Mercè Gotsens Josep Ferrando Marc Marí-Dell’Olmo Laia Palència Xavier Bartoll Ana Gandarillas Pablo Sanchez-Villegas Santi Esnaola Antonio Daponte Carme Borrell |
spellingShingle |
Mercè Gotsens Josep Ferrando Marc Marí-Dell’Olmo Laia Palència Xavier Bartoll Ana Gandarillas Pablo Sanchez-Villegas Santi Esnaola Antonio Daponte Carme Borrell Effect of the Financial Crisis on Socioeconomic Inequalities in Mortality in Small Areas in Seven Spanish Cities International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health socioeconomic factors trends mortality inequalities urban areas small areas |
author_facet |
Mercè Gotsens Josep Ferrando Marc Marí-Dell’Olmo Laia Palència Xavier Bartoll Ana Gandarillas Pablo Sanchez-Villegas Santi Esnaola Antonio Daponte Carme Borrell |
author_sort |
Mercè Gotsens |
title |
Effect of the Financial Crisis on Socioeconomic Inequalities in Mortality in Small Areas in Seven Spanish Cities |
title_short |
Effect of the Financial Crisis on Socioeconomic Inequalities in Mortality in Small Areas in Seven Spanish Cities |
title_full |
Effect of the Financial Crisis on Socioeconomic Inequalities in Mortality in Small Areas in Seven Spanish Cities |
title_fullStr |
Effect of the Financial Crisis on Socioeconomic Inequalities in Mortality in Small Areas in Seven Spanish Cities |
title_full_unstemmed |
Effect of the Financial Crisis on Socioeconomic Inequalities in Mortality in Small Areas in Seven Spanish Cities |
title_sort |
effect of the financial crisis on socioeconomic inequalities in mortality in small areas in seven spanish cities |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |
issn |
1660-4601 |
publishDate |
2020-02-01 |
description |
Background: The aim of this study was to analyze the trend in socioeconomic inequalities in mortality in small areas due to several specific causes before (2001−2004, 2005−2008) and during (2009−2012) the economic crisis in seven Spanish cities. Methods: This ecological study of trends, with census tracts as the areas of analysis, was based on three periods. Several causes of death were studied. A socioeconomic deprivation index was calculated for each census tract. For each small area, we estimated standardized mortality ratios, and controlled for their variability using Bayesian models (sSMR). We also estimated the relative risk of mortality according to deprivation in the different cities, periods, and sexes. Results: In general, a similar geographical pattern was found for the socioeconomic deprivation index and sSMR. For men, there was an association in all cities between the deprivation index and all-cause mortality that remained stable over the three periods. For women, there was an association in Barcelona, Granada, and Sevilla between the deprivation index and all-cause mortality in the third period. Patterns by causes of death were more heterogeneous. Conclusions: After the start of the financial crisis, socioeconomic inequalities in total mortality in small areas of Spanish cities remained stable in most cities, although several causes of death showed a different pattern. |
topic |
socioeconomic factors trends mortality inequalities urban areas small areas |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/3/958 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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