Current Choroidal Imaging Findings in Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
Background: Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) is a chorioretinal disease affecting mostly middle age males. It is marked by the serous detachment of the neurosensory layer at the macula. This review of the literature provides a framework of the current characteristic/relevant imaging findings...
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doaj-037537f5bb1445fe8497db0def9c95542020-11-25T03:44:28ZengMDPI AGVision2411-51502020-10-014444410.3390/vision4040044Current Choroidal Imaging Findings in Central Serous ChorioretinopathyGideon Nkrumah0Dmitrii S. Maltsev1Paez-Escamilla A. Manuel2Mohammed A. Rasheed3Marianno Cozzi4Alessandro Ivernizzi5Marco Lupidi6Sumit Randhir Singh7Jay Chhablani8School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USADepartment of Ophthalmology, Military Medical Academy, 194044 St. Petersburg, RussiaDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USASchool of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, CanadaEye Clinic, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science “Luigi Sacco”, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, ItalyEye Clinic, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science “Luigi Sacco”, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Biochemical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Ophthalmology, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, ItalyJacobs Retina Center at Shiley Eye Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USADepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USABackground: Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) is a chorioretinal disease affecting mostly middle age males. It is marked by the serous detachment of the neurosensory layer at the macula. This review of the literature provides a framework of the current characteristic/relevant imaging findings of CSCR. Although the pathogenesis of CSCR is unclear, the choroid plays a major role and its changes are fundamental to the diagnosis and treatment of CSCR. Methods: A systematic literature search focusing on current multimodal imaging for CSCR was performed. Only articles reporting on original clinical data were selected, studies in a language other than English were included only if an English abstract was provided. Additional sources included articles cited in the references list of the first selected articles. We deduced imaging findings based on current and relevant literature on the topic. Results: We found that sub foveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) were greater in eyes with acute CSCR than in eyes with chronic CSCR or normal eyes. There was increased choroidal thickness (CT) in the macula compared to peripapillary region. In healthy eyes, the highest CVI was found in the nasal region followed by the inferior, temporal, and superior quadrant. The area with the least CVI was the macula. In eyes with CSCR, 100% had asymmetric dominant vortex veins compared to 38% in normal eyes. Conclusion: Choroidal imaging has advanced the diagnosis of CSCR. This has led to numerous imaging biomarkers like CVI, CT, and hyper-reflective dots for early detection and possible prognostication of CSCR. More techniques like wide field scans and en face imaging are being employed to characterize the choroid in CSCR.https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5150/4/4/44central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR)CSCR biomarkersimagingchoroidoptical coherence tomography (OCT) |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Gideon Nkrumah Dmitrii S. Maltsev Paez-Escamilla A. Manuel Mohammed A. Rasheed Marianno Cozzi Alessandro Ivernizzi Marco Lupidi Sumit Randhir Singh Jay Chhablani |
spellingShingle |
Gideon Nkrumah Dmitrii S. Maltsev Paez-Escamilla A. Manuel Mohammed A. Rasheed Marianno Cozzi Alessandro Ivernizzi Marco Lupidi Sumit Randhir Singh Jay Chhablani Current Choroidal Imaging Findings in Central Serous Chorioretinopathy Vision central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) CSCR biomarkers imaging choroid optical coherence tomography (OCT) |
author_facet |
Gideon Nkrumah Dmitrii S. Maltsev Paez-Escamilla A. Manuel Mohammed A. Rasheed Marianno Cozzi Alessandro Ivernizzi Marco Lupidi Sumit Randhir Singh Jay Chhablani |
author_sort |
Gideon Nkrumah |
title |
Current Choroidal Imaging Findings in Central Serous Chorioretinopathy |
title_short |
Current Choroidal Imaging Findings in Central Serous Chorioretinopathy |
title_full |
Current Choroidal Imaging Findings in Central Serous Chorioretinopathy |
title_fullStr |
Current Choroidal Imaging Findings in Central Serous Chorioretinopathy |
title_full_unstemmed |
Current Choroidal Imaging Findings in Central Serous Chorioretinopathy |
title_sort |
current choroidal imaging findings in central serous chorioretinopathy |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Vision |
issn |
2411-5150 |
publishDate |
2020-10-01 |
description |
Background: Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) is a chorioretinal disease affecting mostly middle age males. It is marked by the serous detachment of the neurosensory layer at the macula. This review of the literature provides a framework of the current characteristic/relevant imaging findings of CSCR. Although the pathogenesis of CSCR is unclear, the choroid plays a major role and its changes are fundamental to the diagnosis and treatment of CSCR. Methods: A systematic literature search focusing on current multimodal imaging for CSCR was performed. Only articles reporting on original clinical data were selected, studies in a language other than English were included only if an English abstract was provided. Additional sources included articles cited in the references list of the first selected articles. We deduced imaging findings based on current and relevant literature on the topic. Results: We found that sub foveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) were greater in eyes with acute CSCR than in eyes with chronic CSCR or normal eyes. There was increased choroidal thickness (CT) in the macula compared to peripapillary region. In healthy eyes, the highest CVI was found in the nasal region followed by the inferior, temporal, and superior quadrant. The area with the least CVI was the macula. In eyes with CSCR, 100% had asymmetric dominant vortex veins compared to 38% in normal eyes. Conclusion: Choroidal imaging has advanced the diagnosis of CSCR. This has led to numerous imaging biomarkers like CVI, CT, and hyper-reflective dots for early detection and possible prognostication of CSCR. More techniques like wide field scans and en face imaging are being employed to characterize the choroid in CSCR. |
topic |
central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) CSCR biomarkers imaging choroid optical coherence tomography (OCT) |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5150/4/4/44 |
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