Minor physical anomalies in neurodevelopmental disorders: a twin study
Abstract Background Minor physical anomalies (MPAs) are subtle anatomical deviations in one’s appearance and may suggest altered embryogenesis. MPAs have been shown to be more common in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) compared with typical development. Still, further studies are needed on MPAs i...
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doaj-054de4647cf040c8b21b45dae701fa962020-11-24T23:05:51ZengBMCChild and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health1753-20002017-11-0111111110.1186/s13034-017-0195-yMinor physical anomalies in neurodevelopmental disorders: a twin studyLynnea Myers0Britt-Marie Anderlid1Ann Nordgren2Charlotte Willfors3Ralf Kuja-Halkola4Kristiina Tammimies5Sven Bölte6Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Karolinska Institutet & Center for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm County CouncilDepartment of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska InstitutetDepartment of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska InstitutetDepartment of Women’s and Children’s Health, Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Karolinska Institutet & Center for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm County CouncilDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska InstitutetDepartment of Women’s and Children’s Health, Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Karolinska Institutet & Center for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm County CouncilDepartment of Women’s and Children’s Health, Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Karolinska Institutet & Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Center for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm County CouncilAbstract Background Minor physical anomalies (MPAs) are subtle anatomical deviations in one’s appearance and may suggest altered embryogenesis. MPAs have been shown to be more common in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) compared with typical development. Still, further studies are needed on MPAs in NDDs, especially using twins to adjust for confounding familial factors. Methods Clinical assessments were conducted on 116 twins (61 NDD, 55 controls) from 51 monozygotic and 7 dizygotic pairs to examine MPAs and their association with DSM-5 defined NDDs. Additionally, the relationship between the number of MPAs within twins by zygosity was investigated. Results Within the cohort sample, a specific association was found between MPAs and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis (crude odds ratio = 1.29, p = .047; adjusted odds ratios = 1.26–1.33, adjusted p values = .032–.073) and autistic traits (crude β = 3.02, p = .002; adjusted β = 2.28, p = .019), but not NDDs in general or ADHD, nor within-pairs. Identified MPAs in ASD included overweight, hypermobility, pes planus, straight eyebrows, vision impairment, arachnodactyly/long toes, long eyelashes, and microtia. The number of MPAs within all monozygotic pairs was highly correlated (r = .88, p < .001). Conclusion MPAs are more frequent in participants with ASD and may be influenced by genetics. The value of MPAs for (early) detection should be further explored, as they might index individuals at increased risk for ASD in particular.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13034-017-0195-yAutismASDADHDMinor physical anomaliesNeurodevelopmental disorders |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Lynnea Myers Britt-Marie Anderlid Ann Nordgren Charlotte Willfors Ralf Kuja-Halkola Kristiina Tammimies Sven Bölte |
spellingShingle |
Lynnea Myers Britt-Marie Anderlid Ann Nordgren Charlotte Willfors Ralf Kuja-Halkola Kristiina Tammimies Sven Bölte Minor physical anomalies in neurodevelopmental disorders: a twin study Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health Autism ASD ADHD Minor physical anomalies Neurodevelopmental disorders |
author_facet |
Lynnea Myers Britt-Marie Anderlid Ann Nordgren Charlotte Willfors Ralf Kuja-Halkola Kristiina Tammimies Sven Bölte |
author_sort |
Lynnea Myers |
title |
Minor physical anomalies in neurodevelopmental disorders: a twin study |
title_short |
Minor physical anomalies in neurodevelopmental disorders: a twin study |
title_full |
Minor physical anomalies in neurodevelopmental disorders: a twin study |
title_fullStr |
Minor physical anomalies in neurodevelopmental disorders: a twin study |
title_full_unstemmed |
Minor physical anomalies in neurodevelopmental disorders: a twin study |
title_sort |
minor physical anomalies in neurodevelopmental disorders: a twin study |
publisher |
BMC |
series |
Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health |
issn |
1753-2000 |
publishDate |
2017-11-01 |
description |
Abstract Background Minor physical anomalies (MPAs) are subtle anatomical deviations in one’s appearance and may suggest altered embryogenesis. MPAs have been shown to be more common in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) compared with typical development. Still, further studies are needed on MPAs in NDDs, especially using twins to adjust for confounding familial factors. Methods Clinical assessments were conducted on 116 twins (61 NDD, 55 controls) from 51 monozygotic and 7 dizygotic pairs to examine MPAs and their association with DSM-5 defined NDDs. Additionally, the relationship between the number of MPAs within twins by zygosity was investigated. Results Within the cohort sample, a specific association was found between MPAs and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis (crude odds ratio = 1.29, p = .047; adjusted odds ratios = 1.26–1.33, adjusted p values = .032–.073) and autistic traits (crude β = 3.02, p = .002; adjusted β = 2.28, p = .019), but not NDDs in general or ADHD, nor within-pairs. Identified MPAs in ASD included overweight, hypermobility, pes planus, straight eyebrows, vision impairment, arachnodactyly/long toes, long eyelashes, and microtia. The number of MPAs within all monozygotic pairs was highly correlated (r = .88, p < .001). Conclusion MPAs are more frequent in participants with ASD and may be influenced by genetics. The value of MPAs for (early) detection should be further explored, as they might index individuals at increased risk for ASD in particular. |
topic |
Autism ASD ADHD Minor physical anomalies Neurodevelopmental disorders |
url |
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13034-017-0195-y |
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