Three-Dimensional (3D) Conductive Network of CNT-Modified Short Jute Fiber-Reinforced Natural Rubber: Hierarchical CNT-Enabled Thermoelectric and Electrically Conductive Composite Interfaces
Jute fibers (JFs) coated with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have been introduced in a natural rubber (NR) matrix creating a three-dimensional (3D) electrically conductive percolated network. The JF-CNT endowed electrical conductivity and thermoelectric properties to the final composites. CNT n...
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doaj-05c78126b2c3423ab5eeb99bed9ead6b2020-11-25T03:34:39ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442020-06-01132668266810.3390/ma13112668Three-Dimensional (3D) Conductive Network of CNT-Modified Short Jute Fiber-Reinforced Natural Rubber: Hierarchical CNT-Enabled Thermoelectric and Electrically Conductive Composite InterfacesLazaros Tzounis0Markos Petousis1Marco Liebscher2Sotirios Grammatikos3Nectarios Vidakis4Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, GreeceMechanical Engineering Department, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos, 71004 Heraklion, GreeceTechnische Universität Dresden, Institute of Construction Materials, DE-01062 Dresden, GermanyGroup of Sustainable Composites, Department of Manufacturing and Civil Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 2815 Gjøvik, NorwayMechanical Engineering Department, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos, 71004 Heraklion, GreeceJute fibers (JFs) coated with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have been introduced in a natural rubber (NR) matrix creating a three-dimensional (3D) electrically conductive percolated network. The JF-CNT endowed electrical conductivity and thermoelectric properties to the final composites. CNT networks fully covered the fiber surfaces as shown by the corresponding scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. NR/JF-CNT composites, at 10, 20 and 30 phr (parts per hundred gram of rubber) have been manufactured using a two-roll mixing process. The highest value of electrical conductivity (<i>σ</i>) was 81 S/m for the 30 phr composite. Thermoelectric measurements revealed slight differences in the Seebeck coefficient (<i>S</i>), while the highest power factor (<i>PF</i>) was 1.80 × 10<sup>−2 </sup><i>μ</i>W/m K<sup>−2</sup> for the 30 phr loading. The micromechanical properties and electrical response of the composite’s conductive interface have been studied in peak force tapping quantitative nanomechanical (PFT QNM) and conductive atomic force microscopy (c-AFM) mode. The JF-CNT create an electrically percolated network at all fiber loadings endowing electrical and thermoelectric properties to the NR matrix, considered thus as promising thermoelectric stretchable materials.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/11/2668three-dimensional (3D) conductive networkconductive polymer composites (CPCs)thermoelectric elastomersthermoelectric compositeshierarchical reinforcementsnanostructured interfaces |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Lazaros Tzounis Markos Petousis Marco Liebscher Sotirios Grammatikos Nectarios Vidakis |
spellingShingle |
Lazaros Tzounis Markos Petousis Marco Liebscher Sotirios Grammatikos Nectarios Vidakis Three-Dimensional (3D) Conductive Network of CNT-Modified Short Jute Fiber-Reinforced Natural Rubber: Hierarchical CNT-Enabled Thermoelectric and Electrically Conductive Composite Interfaces Materials three-dimensional (3D) conductive network conductive polymer composites (CPCs) thermoelectric elastomers thermoelectric composites hierarchical reinforcements nanostructured interfaces |
author_facet |
Lazaros Tzounis Markos Petousis Marco Liebscher Sotirios Grammatikos Nectarios Vidakis |
author_sort |
Lazaros Tzounis |
title |
Three-Dimensional (3D) Conductive Network of CNT-Modified Short Jute Fiber-Reinforced Natural Rubber: Hierarchical CNT-Enabled Thermoelectric and Electrically Conductive Composite Interfaces |
title_short |
Three-Dimensional (3D) Conductive Network of CNT-Modified Short Jute Fiber-Reinforced Natural Rubber: Hierarchical CNT-Enabled Thermoelectric and Electrically Conductive Composite Interfaces |
title_full |
Three-Dimensional (3D) Conductive Network of CNT-Modified Short Jute Fiber-Reinforced Natural Rubber: Hierarchical CNT-Enabled Thermoelectric and Electrically Conductive Composite Interfaces |
title_fullStr |
Three-Dimensional (3D) Conductive Network of CNT-Modified Short Jute Fiber-Reinforced Natural Rubber: Hierarchical CNT-Enabled Thermoelectric and Electrically Conductive Composite Interfaces |
title_full_unstemmed |
Three-Dimensional (3D) Conductive Network of CNT-Modified Short Jute Fiber-Reinforced Natural Rubber: Hierarchical CNT-Enabled Thermoelectric and Electrically Conductive Composite Interfaces |
title_sort |
three-dimensional (3d) conductive network of cnt-modified short jute fiber-reinforced natural rubber: hierarchical cnt-enabled thermoelectric and electrically conductive composite interfaces |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Materials |
issn |
1996-1944 |
publishDate |
2020-06-01 |
description |
Jute fibers (JFs) coated with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have been introduced in a natural rubber (NR) matrix creating a three-dimensional (3D) electrically conductive percolated network. The JF-CNT endowed electrical conductivity and thermoelectric properties to the final composites. CNT networks fully covered the fiber surfaces as shown by the corresponding scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. NR/JF-CNT composites, at 10, 20 and 30 phr (parts per hundred gram of rubber) have been manufactured using a two-roll mixing process. The highest value of electrical conductivity (<i>σ</i>) was 81 S/m for the 30 phr composite. Thermoelectric measurements revealed slight differences in the Seebeck coefficient (<i>S</i>), while the highest power factor (<i>PF</i>) was 1.80 × 10<sup>−2 </sup><i>μ</i>W/m K<sup>−2</sup> for the 30 phr loading. The micromechanical properties and electrical response of the composite’s conductive interface have been studied in peak force tapping quantitative nanomechanical (PFT QNM) and conductive atomic force microscopy (c-AFM) mode. The JF-CNT create an electrically percolated network at all fiber loadings endowing electrical and thermoelectric properties to the NR matrix, considered thus as promising thermoelectric stretchable materials. |
topic |
three-dimensional (3D) conductive network conductive polymer composites (CPCs) thermoelectric elastomers thermoelectric composites hierarchical reinforcements nanostructured interfaces |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/11/2668 |
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