Weldability Evaluation of Alloy 718 Investment Castings with Different Si Contents and Thermal Stories and Hot Cracking Mechanism in Their Laser Beam Welds
In this work, weldability and hot cracking susceptibility of five alloy 718 investment castings in laser beam welding (LBW) were investigated. Influence of chemical composition, with varying Si contents from 0.05 to 0.17 wt %, solidification rate, and pre-weld heat treatment were studied by carrying...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-03-01
|
Series: | Metals |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/11/3/402 |
id |
doaj-05cb02406a944f2891d58ba7ac9544cb |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-05cb02406a944f2891d58ba7ac9544cb2021-03-02T00:01:31ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012021-03-011140240210.3390/met11030402Weldability Evaluation of Alloy 718 Investment Castings with Different Si Contents and Thermal Stories and Hot Cracking Mechanism in Their Laser Beam WeldsPedro Álvarez0Alberto Cobos1Lexuri Vázquez2Noelia Ruiz3Pedro Pablo Rodríguez4Ana Magaña5Andrea Niklas6Fernando Santos7LORTEK Technological Centre, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20240 Ordizia, SpainLORTEK Technological Centre, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20240 Ordizia, SpainLORTEK Technological Centre, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20240 Ordizia, SpainEIPC RESEARCH CENTER, AIE, Torrekua 3, 20600 Eibar, SpainEIPC RESEARCH CENTER, AIE, Torrekua 3, 20600 Eibar, SpainFundación AZTERLAN, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Aliendalde Auzunea 6, 48200 Durango, SpainFundación AZTERLAN, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Aliendalde Auzunea 6, 48200 Durango, SpainFundación AZTERLAN, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Aliendalde Auzunea 6, 48200 Durango, SpainIn this work, weldability and hot cracking susceptibility of five alloy 718 investment castings in laser beam welding (LBW) were investigated. Influence of chemical composition, with varying Si contents from 0.05 to 0.17 wt %, solidification rate, and pre-weld heat treatment were studied by carrying out three different weldability tests, i.e., hot ductility, Varestraint, and bead-on-plate tests, after hot isostatic pressing (HIP) and solution annealing treatment. Onset of hot ductility drop was directly related to the presence of residual Laves phase, whereas the hot ductility recovery behaviour was connected to the Si content and γ grain size. LBW Varestraint tests gave rise to enhanced fusion zone (FZ) cracking with much more reduced heat-affected zone (HAZ) cracking that was mostly independent of Si content and residual Laves phase. Microstructural characterisation of bead-on-plate welding samples showed that HAZ cracking susceptibility was closely related to welding morphology. Multiple HAZ cracks were detected in nail or mushroom welding shapes, typical in keyhole mode LBW, irrespective of the chemical composition and thermal story of castings. In all LBW welds, Laves phase with a composition similar to the eutectic of the pseudo-binary equilibrium diagram of alloy 718 was formed in the FZ. The composition of this regenerated Laves phase matched with the continuous Laves phase film observed along HAZ cracks. This was strong evidence of backfilling mechanism, which is described as wetting and infiltration of terminal liquid along γ grain boundaries of parent material. The current results suggest that this cracking mechanism was activated in three-point intersections resulting from perpendicular crossing of columnar grain boundaries with fusion line and was enhanced by nail or mushroom weld shapes and narrow and columnar γ grain characteristics of castings. Neither Varestraint nor hot ductility weldability tests can reproduce this particular cracking mechanism.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/11/3/402investment castingalloy 718hot cracking mechanismVarestraint testlaser beam welding |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Pedro Álvarez Alberto Cobos Lexuri Vázquez Noelia Ruiz Pedro Pablo Rodríguez Ana Magaña Andrea Niklas Fernando Santos |
spellingShingle |
Pedro Álvarez Alberto Cobos Lexuri Vázquez Noelia Ruiz Pedro Pablo Rodríguez Ana Magaña Andrea Niklas Fernando Santos Weldability Evaluation of Alloy 718 Investment Castings with Different Si Contents and Thermal Stories and Hot Cracking Mechanism in Their Laser Beam Welds Metals investment casting alloy 718 hot cracking mechanism Varestraint test laser beam welding |
author_facet |
Pedro Álvarez Alberto Cobos Lexuri Vázquez Noelia Ruiz Pedro Pablo Rodríguez Ana Magaña Andrea Niklas Fernando Santos |
author_sort |
Pedro Álvarez |
title |
Weldability Evaluation of Alloy 718 Investment Castings with Different Si Contents and Thermal Stories and Hot Cracking Mechanism in Their Laser Beam Welds |
title_short |
Weldability Evaluation of Alloy 718 Investment Castings with Different Si Contents and Thermal Stories and Hot Cracking Mechanism in Their Laser Beam Welds |
title_full |
Weldability Evaluation of Alloy 718 Investment Castings with Different Si Contents and Thermal Stories and Hot Cracking Mechanism in Their Laser Beam Welds |
title_fullStr |
Weldability Evaluation of Alloy 718 Investment Castings with Different Si Contents and Thermal Stories and Hot Cracking Mechanism in Their Laser Beam Welds |
title_full_unstemmed |
Weldability Evaluation of Alloy 718 Investment Castings with Different Si Contents and Thermal Stories and Hot Cracking Mechanism in Their Laser Beam Welds |
title_sort |
weldability evaluation of alloy 718 investment castings with different si contents and thermal stories and hot cracking mechanism in their laser beam welds |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Metals |
issn |
2075-4701 |
publishDate |
2021-03-01 |
description |
In this work, weldability and hot cracking susceptibility of five alloy 718 investment castings in laser beam welding (LBW) were investigated. Influence of chemical composition, with varying Si contents from 0.05 to 0.17 wt %, solidification rate, and pre-weld heat treatment were studied by carrying out three different weldability tests, i.e., hot ductility, Varestraint, and bead-on-plate tests, after hot isostatic pressing (HIP) and solution annealing treatment. Onset of hot ductility drop was directly related to the presence of residual Laves phase, whereas the hot ductility recovery behaviour was connected to the Si content and γ grain size. LBW Varestraint tests gave rise to enhanced fusion zone (FZ) cracking with much more reduced heat-affected zone (HAZ) cracking that was mostly independent of Si content and residual Laves phase. Microstructural characterisation of bead-on-plate welding samples showed that HAZ cracking susceptibility was closely related to welding morphology. Multiple HAZ cracks were detected in nail or mushroom welding shapes, typical in keyhole mode LBW, irrespective of the chemical composition and thermal story of castings. In all LBW welds, Laves phase with a composition similar to the eutectic of the pseudo-binary equilibrium diagram of alloy 718 was formed in the FZ. The composition of this regenerated Laves phase matched with the continuous Laves phase film observed along HAZ cracks. This was strong evidence of backfilling mechanism, which is described as wetting and infiltration of terminal liquid along γ grain boundaries of parent material. The current results suggest that this cracking mechanism was activated in three-point intersections resulting from perpendicular crossing of columnar grain boundaries with fusion line and was enhanced by nail or mushroom weld shapes and narrow and columnar γ grain characteristics of castings. Neither Varestraint nor hot ductility weldability tests can reproduce this particular cracking mechanism. |
topic |
investment casting alloy 718 hot cracking mechanism Varestraint test laser beam welding |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/11/3/402 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT pedroalvarez weldabilityevaluationofalloy718investmentcastingswithdifferentsicontentsandthermalstoriesandhotcrackingmechanismintheirlaserbeamwelds AT albertocobos weldabilityevaluationofalloy718investmentcastingswithdifferentsicontentsandthermalstoriesandhotcrackingmechanismintheirlaserbeamwelds AT lexurivazquez weldabilityevaluationofalloy718investmentcastingswithdifferentsicontentsandthermalstoriesandhotcrackingmechanismintheirlaserbeamwelds AT noeliaruiz weldabilityevaluationofalloy718investmentcastingswithdifferentsicontentsandthermalstoriesandhotcrackingmechanismintheirlaserbeamwelds AT pedropablorodriguez weldabilityevaluationofalloy718investmentcastingswithdifferentsicontentsandthermalstoriesandhotcrackingmechanismintheirlaserbeamwelds AT anamagana weldabilityevaluationofalloy718investmentcastingswithdifferentsicontentsandthermalstoriesandhotcrackingmechanismintheirlaserbeamwelds AT andreaniklas weldabilityevaluationofalloy718investmentcastingswithdifferentsicontentsandthermalstoriesandhotcrackingmechanismintheirlaserbeamwelds AT fernandosantos weldabilityevaluationofalloy718investmentcastingswithdifferentsicontentsandthermalstoriesandhotcrackingmechanismintheirlaserbeamwelds |
_version_ |
1724245517632798720 |