Retractorless brain surgery: technical considerations
Abstract Background Retraction is necessary to access deep areas in the brain and skull base, but prolonged and forceful use of fixed retraction might be injurious. Several techniques were developed, in the concept of minimally invasive neurosurgery, to eliminate or minimize the use of fixed retract...
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
SpringerOpen
2021-07-01
|
| Series: | The Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s41983-021-00329-w |