The Assessment of Relative Permittivity on Diesel Vapour in the Moisture Content of Terap Red Soil by Ground Penetrating Radar
In a common agriculture resource, soil contamination monitoring is a prominent area of study. Nowadays, it is crucial to provide a database for the interpretation of ground penetrating radar (GPR) field data in monitoring soil contamination, such as diesel scatter migration. This study aims to asses...
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doaj-0671a31859b543da99b5987cc0b4bd4e2020-11-25T03:45:52ZengSAGE PublishingAir, Soil and Water Research1178-62212020-09-011310.1177/1178622120930661The Assessment of Relative Permittivity on Diesel Vapour in the Moisture Content of Terap Red Soil by Ground Penetrating RadarMimi Diana Ghazali0Othman Zainon1Khairulnizam M.Idris2Siti Nor Ain Zainon3Mohd Nazri A Karim4Siti Aminah Anshah5NoorFatekah Abdul Talib6Department of Geoinformation, Faculty of Built Environment and Surveying, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, MalaysiaDepartment of Geoinformation, Faculty of Built Environment and Surveying, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, MalaysiaDepartment of Geoinformation, Faculty of Built Environment and Surveying, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, MalaysiaCenter of Foundation Studies, Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Sultan Abdul Halim Mu’adzam Shah, Kuala Ketil, MalaysiaDepartment of Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Technology, UNICITI ALAM, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Padang Besar, MalaysiaCentre of Studies for Surveying Sciences and Geomatics, Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Arau, MalaysiaCentre of Studies for Surveying Sciences and Geomatics, Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Arau, MalaysiaIn a common agriculture resource, soil contamination monitoring is a prominent area of study. Nowadays, it is crucial to provide a database for the interpretation of ground penetrating radar (GPR) field data in monitoring soil contamination, such as diesel scatter migration. This study aims to assess the association between permittivity properties and soil water content (θ w ) for diesel contamination in Terap Red soil, which is classified as lateritic soil. Terap Red soil is an agro potential soil and available in more than 40% of distribution areas in Northern Malaysia (Agro-based State). In this research, 800 MHz shielded antenna GPR was applied for 24 hour measurement in a concrete simulation field tank, which was filled with Terap Red soil (1.5 m x 2.6 m x 1.5 m) located at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Perlis, Malaysia. Embedded moisture content probe was simultaneously measured to monitor the response of volumetric water content in the contaminated soil. The GPR data were pre-processed and filtered by Reflexw 7.5. The calibrated Agilent Technologies Automated Vector Analyser (VNA) was used to verify the independent relative permittivity value from GPR. As a result, the evaluation of velocities and reflection of GPR data were influenced by the presence of diesel and contaminated vapour. A positive and significant correlation was obtained between relative permittivity and moisture content in the diesel-contaminated soil. In addition, a positive and strong linear regression analysis was also found between relative permittivity and moisture content. This analysis included an accurate total difference of root mean square error (RMSE) difference, which amounted to 0.04, with calibrated dielectric permittivity.https://doi.org/10.1177/1178622120930661 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Mimi Diana Ghazali Othman Zainon Khairulnizam M.Idris Siti Nor Ain Zainon Mohd Nazri A Karim Siti Aminah Anshah NoorFatekah Abdul Talib |
spellingShingle |
Mimi Diana Ghazali Othman Zainon Khairulnizam M.Idris Siti Nor Ain Zainon Mohd Nazri A Karim Siti Aminah Anshah NoorFatekah Abdul Talib The Assessment of Relative Permittivity on Diesel Vapour in the Moisture Content of Terap Red Soil by Ground Penetrating Radar Air, Soil and Water Research |
author_facet |
Mimi Diana Ghazali Othman Zainon Khairulnizam M.Idris Siti Nor Ain Zainon Mohd Nazri A Karim Siti Aminah Anshah NoorFatekah Abdul Talib |
author_sort |
Mimi Diana Ghazali |
title |
The Assessment of Relative Permittivity on Diesel Vapour in the Moisture Content of Terap Red Soil by Ground Penetrating Radar |
title_short |
The Assessment of Relative Permittivity on Diesel Vapour in the Moisture Content of Terap Red Soil by Ground Penetrating Radar |
title_full |
The Assessment of Relative Permittivity on Diesel Vapour in the Moisture Content of Terap Red Soil by Ground Penetrating Radar |
title_fullStr |
The Assessment of Relative Permittivity on Diesel Vapour in the Moisture Content of Terap Red Soil by Ground Penetrating Radar |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Assessment of Relative Permittivity on Diesel Vapour in the Moisture Content of Terap Red Soil by Ground Penetrating Radar |
title_sort |
assessment of relative permittivity on diesel vapour in the moisture content of terap red soil by ground penetrating radar |
publisher |
SAGE Publishing |
series |
Air, Soil and Water Research |
issn |
1178-6221 |
publishDate |
2020-09-01 |
description |
In a common agriculture resource, soil contamination monitoring is a prominent area of study. Nowadays, it is crucial to provide a database for the interpretation of ground penetrating radar (GPR) field data in monitoring soil contamination, such as diesel scatter migration. This study aims to assess the association between permittivity properties and soil water content (θ w ) for diesel contamination in Terap Red soil, which is classified as lateritic soil. Terap Red soil is an agro potential soil and available in more than 40% of distribution areas in Northern Malaysia (Agro-based State). In this research, 800 MHz shielded antenna GPR was applied for 24 hour measurement in a concrete simulation field tank, which was filled with Terap Red soil (1.5 m x 2.6 m x 1.5 m) located at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Perlis, Malaysia. Embedded moisture content probe was simultaneously measured to monitor the response of volumetric water content in the contaminated soil. The GPR data were pre-processed and filtered by Reflexw 7.5. The calibrated Agilent Technologies Automated Vector Analyser (VNA) was used to verify the independent relative permittivity value from GPR. As a result, the evaluation of velocities and reflection of GPR data were influenced by the presence of diesel and contaminated vapour. A positive and significant correlation was obtained between relative permittivity and moisture content in the diesel-contaminated soil. In addition, a positive and strong linear regression analysis was also found between relative permittivity and moisture content. This analysis included an accurate total difference of root mean square error (RMSE) difference, which amounted to 0.04, with calibrated dielectric permittivity. |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1177/1178622120930661 |
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