Circumpolar diversification of the Ixodes uriae tick virome.
Ticks (order: Ixodida) are a highly diverse and ecologically important group of ectoparasitic blood-feeding organisms. One such species, the seabird tick (Ixodes uriae), is widely distributed around the circumpolar regions of the northern and southern hemispheres. It has been suggested that Ix. uria...
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2020-08-01
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doaj-06e7677c7a4a4204bcac772652f126012021-04-21T17:16:05ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Pathogens1553-73661553-73742020-08-01168e100875910.1371/journal.ppat.1008759Circumpolar diversification of the Ixodes uriae tick virome.John H-O PetterssonPatrik EllströmJiaxin LingIngela NilssonSven BergströmDaniel González-AcuñaBjörn OlsenEdward C HolmesTicks (order: Ixodida) are a highly diverse and ecologically important group of ectoparasitic blood-feeding organisms. One such species, the seabird tick (Ixodes uriae), is widely distributed around the circumpolar regions of the northern and southern hemispheres. It has been suggested that Ix. uriae spread from the southern to the northern circumpolar region millions of years ago and has remained isolated in these regions ever since. Such a profound biographic subdivision provides a unique opportunity to determine whether viruses associated with ticks exhibit the same evolutionary patterns as their hosts. To test this, we collected Ix. uriae specimens near a Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) colony at Neko harbour, Antarctica, and from migratory birds-the Razorbill (Alca torda) and the Common murre (Uria aalge)-on Bonden island, northern Sweden. Through meta-transcriptomic next-generation sequencing we identified 16 RNA viruses, seven of which were novel. Notably, we detected the same species, Ronne virus, and two closely related species, Bonden virus and Piguzov virus, in both hemispheres indicating that there have been at least two cross-circumpolar dispersal events. Similarly, we identified viruses discovered previously in other locations several decades ago, including Gadgets Gully virus, Taggert virus and Okhotskiy virus. By identifying the same or closely related viruses in geographically disjunct sampling locations we provide evidence for virus dispersal within and between the circumpolar regions. In marked contrast, our phylogenetic analysis revealed no movement of the Ix. uriae tick hosts between the same locations. Combined, these data suggest that migratory birds are responsible for the movement of viruses at both local and global scales.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1008759 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
John H-O Pettersson Patrik Ellström Jiaxin Ling Ingela Nilsson Sven Bergström Daniel González-Acuña Björn Olsen Edward C Holmes |
spellingShingle |
John H-O Pettersson Patrik Ellström Jiaxin Ling Ingela Nilsson Sven Bergström Daniel González-Acuña Björn Olsen Edward C Holmes Circumpolar diversification of the Ixodes uriae tick virome. PLoS Pathogens |
author_facet |
John H-O Pettersson Patrik Ellström Jiaxin Ling Ingela Nilsson Sven Bergström Daniel González-Acuña Björn Olsen Edward C Holmes |
author_sort |
John H-O Pettersson |
title |
Circumpolar diversification of the Ixodes uriae tick virome. |
title_short |
Circumpolar diversification of the Ixodes uriae tick virome. |
title_full |
Circumpolar diversification of the Ixodes uriae tick virome. |
title_fullStr |
Circumpolar diversification of the Ixodes uriae tick virome. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Circumpolar diversification of the Ixodes uriae tick virome. |
title_sort |
circumpolar diversification of the ixodes uriae tick virome. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
series |
PLoS Pathogens |
issn |
1553-7366 1553-7374 |
publishDate |
2020-08-01 |
description |
Ticks (order: Ixodida) are a highly diverse and ecologically important group of ectoparasitic blood-feeding organisms. One such species, the seabird tick (Ixodes uriae), is widely distributed around the circumpolar regions of the northern and southern hemispheres. It has been suggested that Ix. uriae spread from the southern to the northern circumpolar region millions of years ago and has remained isolated in these regions ever since. Such a profound biographic subdivision provides a unique opportunity to determine whether viruses associated with ticks exhibit the same evolutionary patterns as their hosts. To test this, we collected Ix. uriae specimens near a Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) colony at Neko harbour, Antarctica, and from migratory birds-the Razorbill (Alca torda) and the Common murre (Uria aalge)-on Bonden island, northern Sweden. Through meta-transcriptomic next-generation sequencing we identified 16 RNA viruses, seven of which were novel. Notably, we detected the same species, Ronne virus, and two closely related species, Bonden virus and Piguzov virus, in both hemispheres indicating that there have been at least two cross-circumpolar dispersal events. Similarly, we identified viruses discovered previously in other locations several decades ago, including Gadgets Gully virus, Taggert virus and Okhotskiy virus. By identifying the same or closely related viruses in geographically disjunct sampling locations we provide evidence for virus dispersal within and between the circumpolar regions. In marked contrast, our phylogenetic analysis revealed no movement of the Ix. uriae tick hosts between the same locations. Combined, these data suggest that migratory birds are responsible for the movement of viruses at both local and global scales. |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1008759 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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