Clonorchis sinensis antigens alter hepatic macrophage polarization in vitro and in vivo.

Clonorchis sinensis infection elicits hepatic inflammation, which can lead to cholangitis, periductal hepatic fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, and even cholangiocarcinoma. Hepatic macrophages are an intrinsic element of both innate and acquired immunity. This study was conducted to demonstrate the dynamic...

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Main Authors: Eun-Min Kim, You Shine Kwak, Myung-Hee Yi, Ju Yeong Kim, Woon-Mok Sohn, Tai-Soon Yong
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2017-05-01
Series:PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
Online Access:http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5460902?pdf=render
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spelling doaj-071ced3058ea480a96bb3454367177942020-11-25T01:13:59ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases1935-27271935-27352017-05-01115e000561410.1371/journal.pntd.0005614Clonorchis sinensis antigens alter hepatic macrophage polarization in vitro and in vivo.Eun-Min KimYou Shine KwakMyung-Hee YiJu Yeong KimWoon-Mok SohnTai-Soon YongClonorchis sinensis infection elicits hepatic inflammation, which can lead to cholangitis, periductal hepatic fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, and even cholangiocarcinoma. Hepatic macrophages are an intrinsic element of both innate and acquired immunity. This study was conducted to demonstrate the dynamics of hepatic macrophage polarization during C. sinensis infection in mice and to identify factors regulating this polarization. Treatment of hepatic macrophages isolated from normal mice with C. sinensis excretory/secretory products (ESPs) resulted in the preferential generation of classically activated hepatic macrophages (M1 macrophages) and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, cells stimulated with C. sinensis ESPs exhibited changes in cellular morphology. During the early stages of C. sinensis infection, hepatic macrophages preferentially differentiated into M1 macrophages; however, during the C. sinensis mature worm stage, when eggs are released, there were significant increases in the abundance of both M1 macrophages and alternatively activated hepatic macrophages (M2 macrophages). Moreover, there was a further increase in the M2 macrophage count during the fibrotic and cirrhotic stage of infection. Notably, this fibrotic and cirrhotic stage promoted a strong increase in the proportion of Arg-1-producing macrophages (M2 phenotype), which were associated with fibrosis and tissue repair in the liver. Our results suggest that the dynamic polarization of hepatic macrophages as C. sinensis infection progresses is related to the histological lesions present in liver tissue. Hepatic macrophages thus play an important role in local immunity during C. sinensis infection.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5460902?pdf=render
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Eun-Min Kim
You Shine Kwak
Myung-Hee Yi
Ju Yeong Kim
Woon-Mok Sohn
Tai-Soon Yong
spellingShingle Eun-Min Kim
You Shine Kwak
Myung-Hee Yi
Ju Yeong Kim
Woon-Mok Sohn
Tai-Soon Yong
Clonorchis sinensis antigens alter hepatic macrophage polarization in vitro and in vivo.
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
author_facet Eun-Min Kim
You Shine Kwak
Myung-Hee Yi
Ju Yeong Kim
Woon-Mok Sohn
Tai-Soon Yong
author_sort Eun-Min Kim
title Clonorchis sinensis antigens alter hepatic macrophage polarization in vitro and in vivo.
title_short Clonorchis sinensis antigens alter hepatic macrophage polarization in vitro and in vivo.
title_full Clonorchis sinensis antigens alter hepatic macrophage polarization in vitro and in vivo.
title_fullStr Clonorchis sinensis antigens alter hepatic macrophage polarization in vitro and in vivo.
title_full_unstemmed Clonorchis sinensis antigens alter hepatic macrophage polarization in vitro and in vivo.
title_sort clonorchis sinensis antigens alter hepatic macrophage polarization in vitro and in vivo.
publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
series PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
issn 1935-2727
1935-2735
publishDate 2017-05-01
description Clonorchis sinensis infection elicits hepatic inflammation, which can lead to cholangitis, periductal hepatic fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, and even cholangiocarcinoma. Hepatic macrophages are an intrinsic element of both innate and acquired immunity. This study was conducted to demonstrate the dynamics of hepatic macrophage polarization during C. sinensis infection in mice and to identify factors regulating this polarization. Treatment of hepatic macrophages isolated from normal mice with C. sinensis excretory/secretory products (ESPs) resulted in the preferential generation of classically activated hepatic macrophages (M1 macrophages) and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, cells stimulated with C. sinensis ESPs exhibited changes in cellular morphology. During the early stages of C. sinensis infection, hepatic macrophages preferentially differentiated into M1 macrophages; however, during the C. sinensis mature worm stage, when eggs are released, there were significant increases in the abundance of both M1 macrophages and alternatively activated hepatic macrophages (M2 macrophages). Moreover, there was a further increase in the M2 macrophage count during the fibrotic and cirrhotic stage of infection. Notably, this fibrotic and cirrhotic stage promoted a strong increase in the proportion of Arg-1-producing macrophages (M2 phenotype), which were associated with fibrosis and tissue repair in the liver. Our results suggest that the dynamic polarization of hepatic macrophages as C. sinensis infection progresses is related to the histological lesions present in liver tissue. Hepatic macrophages thus play an important role in local immunity during C. sinensis infection.
url http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5460902?pdf=render
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