The Impact of Tobacco Smoking on Adult Asthma Outcomes

• Main Authors: Angelica Tiotiu, Iulia Ioan, Nathalie Wirth, Rodrigo Romero-Fernandez, Francisco-Javier González-Barcala
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2021-01-01
• Series: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
• Subjects: tobacco smoking; asthma control; exacerbations; lung function; smoking cessation
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/3/992
• ISSN: 1661-7827; 1660-4601

<b>Background</b>: Tobacco smoking is associated with more severe asthma symptoms, an accelerated decline in lung function, and reduced responses to corticosteroids. Our objective was to compare asthma outcomes in terms of disease control, exacerbation rates, and lung function in a population of asthmatic patients according to their smoking status. <b>Methods</b>: We compared patients’ demographics, disease characteristics, and lung-function parameters in current-smokers (CS, <i>n</i> = 48), former-smokers (FS, <i>n</i> = 38), and never-smokers (NS, <i>n</i> = 90), and identified predictive factors for asthma control. <b>Results</b>: CS had a higher prevalence of family asthma/atopy, a lower rate of controlled asthma, impaired perception of dyspnea, an increased number of exacerbations, and poorer lung function compared to NS. The mean asthma control questionnaire’s (ACQ) score was higher in CS vs. NS and FS (1.9 vs. 1.2, <i>p</i> = 0.02). Compared to CS, FS had a lower rate of exacerbations, a better ACQ score (similar to NS), a higher prevalence of dyspnea, and greater lung-diffusion capacity. Non-smoking status, the absence of dyspnea and exacerbations, and a forced expiratory volume in one second ≥80% of predicted were associated with controlled asthma. <b>Conclusions</b>: CS with asthma exhibit worse clinical and functional respiratory outcomes compared to NS and FS, supporting the importance of smoking cessation in this population.