Sex Differences in Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction in Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is a common complication of athletes and individuals who exercise regularly. It is estimated that about 90% of patients with underlying asthma (a sexually dimorphic disease) experience EIB; however, sex differences in EIB have not been studied extensively....
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doaj-0772c7f539474d24af82abfcd75e8b702020-11-25T03:41:07ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health1661-78271660-46012020-10-01177270727010.3390/ijerph17197270Sex Differences in Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction in Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisDaniel Enrique Rodriguez Bauza0Patricia Silveyra1Clinical Simulation Center, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USABiobehavioral Laboratory, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27713, USAExercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is a common complication of athletes and individuals who exercise regularly. It is estimated that about 90% of patients with underlying asthma (a sexually dimorphic disease) experience EIB; however, sex differences in EIB have not been studied extensively. With the goal of better understanding the prevalence of EIB in males and females, and because atopy has been reported to occur at higher rates in athletes, in this study, we investigated sex differences in EIB and atopy in athletes. A systematic literature review identified 60 studies evaluating EIB and/or atopy in post-pubertal adult athletes (<i>n</i> = 7501). Collectively, these studies reported: (1) a 23% prevalence of EIB in athletes; (2) a higher prevalence of atopy in male vs. female athletes; (3) a higher prevalence of atopy in athletes with EIB; (4) a significantly higher rate of atopic EIB in male vs. female athletes. Our analysis indicates that the physiological changes that occur during exercise may differentially affect male and female athletes, and suggest an interaction between male sex, exercise, and atopic status in the course of EIB. Understanding these sex differences is important to provide personalized management plans to athletes with underlying asthma and/or atopy.https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/19/7270inflammationatopyexercise-induced asthmaexercise-induced bronchoconstrictionsex differences |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Daniel Enrique Rodriguez Bauza Patricia Silveyra |
spellingShingle |
Daniel Enrique Rodriguez Bauza Patricia Silveyra Sex Differences in Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction in Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health inflammation atopy exercise-induced asthma exercise-induced bronchoconstriction sex differences |
author_facet |
Daniel Enrique Rodriguez Bauza Patricia Silveyra |
author_sort |
Daniel Enrique Rodriguez Bauza |
title |
Sex Differences in Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction in Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
title_short |
Sex Differences in Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction in Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
title_full |
Sex Differences in Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction in Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
title_fullStr |
Sex Differences in Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction in Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
title_full_unstemmed |
Sex Differences in Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction in Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
title_sort |
sex differences in exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |
issn |
1661-7827 1660-4601 |
publishDate |
2020-10-01 |
description |
Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is a common complication of athletes and individuals who exercise regularly. It is estimated that about 90% of patients with underlying asthma (a sexually dimorphic disease) experience EIB; however, sex differences in EIB have not been studied extensively. With the goal of better understanding the prevalence of EIB in males and females, and because atopy has been reported to occur at higher rates in athletes, in this study, we investigated sex differences in EIB and atopy in athletes. A systematic literature review identified 60 studies evaluating EIB and/or atopy in post-pubertal adult athletes (<i>n</i> = 7501). Collectively, these studies reported: (1) a 23% prevalence of EIB in athletes; (2) a higher prevalence of atopy in male vs. female athletes; (3) a higher prevalence of atopy in athletes with EIB; (4) a significantly higher rate of atopic EIB in male vs. female athletes. Our analysis indicates that the physiological changes that occur during exercise may differentially affect male and female athletes, and suggest an interaction between male sex, exercise, and atopic status in the course of EIB. Understanding these sex differences is important to provide personalized management plans to athletes with underlying asthma and/or atopy. |
topic |
inflammation atopy exercise-induced asthma exercise-induced bronchoconstriction sex differences |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/19/7270 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT danielenriquerodriguezbauza sexdifferencesinexerciseinducedbronchoconstrictioninathletesasystematicreviewandmetaanalysis AT patriciasilveyra sexdifferencesinexerciseinducedbronchoconstrictioninathletesasystematicreviewandmetaanalysis |
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