Effects of Glutamine on Gastric Emptying of Low- and High-Nutrient Drinks in Healthy Young Subjects—Impact on Glycaemia
Glutamine is a potent stimulus for the release of glucagon-like peptide-1, which increases postprandial insulin and slows gastric emptying (GE). We determined the effects of glutamine on GE of, and glycaemic responses to, low- and high-nutrient drinks in eight healthy males (mean age 21.6 &plusm...
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doaj-0772f1c8e2624ceaa746d30ae614a8c92020-11-25T00:39:56ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432018-06-0110673910.3390/nu10060739nu10060739Effects of Glutamine on Gastric Emptying of Low- and High-Nutrient Drinks in Healthy Young Subjects—Impact on GlycaemiaYang T. Du0Diana Piscitelli1Saima Ahmad2Laurence G. Trahair3Jerry R. Greenfield4Dorit Samocha-Bonet5Christopher K. Rayner6Michael Horowitz7Karen L. Jones8Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, AustraliaAdelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, AustraliaSchool of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, AustraliaAdelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, AustraliaDiabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, AustraliaDiabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, AustraliaAdelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, AustraliaEndocrine and Metabolic Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, AustraliaAdelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, AustraliaGlutamine is a potent stimulus for the release of glucagon-like peptide-1, which increases postprandial insulin and slows gastric emptying (GE). We determined the effects of glutamine on GE of, and glycaemic responses to, low- and high-nutrient drinks in eight healthy males (mean age 21.6 ± 0.7 years and BMI 22.9 ± 0.7 kg/m2). Participants were studied on four occasions on which they consumed either a low-nutrient (beef soup; 18 kcal) or high-nutrient (75 g dextrose; 255 kcal) drink, each with or without 30 g of glutamine (120 kcal), in a randomised, crossover design. GE (2D ultrasound), blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations were measured concurrently. Glutamine slowed GE (half emptying time (T50)) of both low- (45 ± 3 min vs. 26 ± 2 min, p < 0.001), and high-nutrient, (100 ± 5 min vs. 77 ± 5 min, p = 0.03) drinks, however, there was no effect on GE of the high nutrient drinks when expressed as kcal/min (3.39 ± 0.21 kcal/min vs. 3.81 ± 0.20 kcal/min, p = 0.25). There was no change in blood glucose after the low-nutrient drinks with or without glutamine, despite a slight increase in plasma insulin with glutamine (p = 0.007). The rise in blood glucose following the high-nutrient drink (p = 0.0001) was attenuated during the first 60 min by glutamine (p = 0.007). We conclude that in healthy subjects, glutamine slows GE of both low- and high-nutrient drinks comparably and attenuates the rise in blood glucose after the high-nutrient glucose drink.http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/10/6/739glutaminegastric emptyingglucosepostprandialinsulinglycaemia |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Yang T. Du Diana Piscitelli Saima Ahmad Laurence G. Trahair Jerry R. Greenfield Dorit Samocha-Bonet Christopher K. Rayner Michael Horowitz Karen L. Jones |
spellingShingle |
Yang T. Du Diana Piscitelli Saima Ahmad Laurence G. Trahair Jerry R. Greenfield Dorit Samocha-Bonet Christopher K. Rayner Michael Horowitz Karen L. Jones Effects of Glutamine on Gastric Emptying of Low- and High-Nutrient Drinks in Healthy Young Subjects—Impact on Glycaemia Nutrients glutamine gastric emptying glucose postprandial insulin glycaemia |
author_facet |
Yang T. Du Diana Piscitelli Saima Ahmad Laurence G. Trahair Jerry R. Greenfield Dorit Samocha-Bonet Christopher K. Rayner Michael Horowitz Karen L. Jones |
author_sort |
Yang T. Du |
title |
Effects of Glutamine on Gastric Emptying of Low- and High-Nutrient Drinks in Healthy Young Subjects—Impact on Glycaemia |
title_short |
Effects of Glutamine on Gastric Emptying of Low- and High-Nutrient Drinks in Healthy Young Subjects—Impact on Glycaemia |
title_full |
Effects of Glutamine on Gastric Emptying of Low- and High-Nutrient Drinks in Healthy Young Subjects—Impact on Glycaemia |
title_fullStr |
Effects of Glutamine on Gastric Emptying of Low- and High-Nutrient Drinks in Healthy Young Subjects—Impact on Glycaemia |
title_full_unstemmed |
Effects of Glutamine on Gastric Emptying of Low- and High-Nutrient Drinks in Healthy Young Subjects—Impact on Glycaemia |
title_sort |
effects of glutamine on gastric emptying of low- and high-nutrient drinks in healthy young subjects—impact on glycaemia |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Nutrients |
issn |
2072-6643 |
publishDate |
2018-06-01 |
description |
Glutamine is a potent stimulus for the release of glucagon-like peptide-1, which increases postprandial insulin and slows gastric emptying (GE). We determined the effects of glutamine on GE of, and glycaemic responses to, low- and high-nutrient drinks in eight healthy males (mean age 21.6 ± 0.7 years and BMI 22.9 ± 0.7 kg/m2). Participants were studied on four occasions on which they consumed either a low-nutrient (beef soup; 18 kcal) or high-nutrient (75 g dextrose; 255 kcal) drink, each with or without 30 g of glutamine (120 kcal), in a randomised, crossover design. GE (2D ultrasound), blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations were measured concurrently. Glutamine slowed GE (half emptying time (T50)) of both low- (45 ± 3 min vs. 26 ± 2 min, p < 0.001), and high-nutrient, (100 ± 5 min vs. 77 ± 5 min, p = 0.03) drinks, however, there was no effect on GE of the high nutrient drinks when expressed as kcal/min (3.39 ± 0.21 kcal/min vs. 3.81 ± 0.20 kcal/min, p = 0.25). There was no change in blood glucose after the low-nutrient drinks with or without glutamine, despite a slight increase in plasma insulin with glutamine (p = 0.007). The rise in blood glucose following the high-nutrient drink (p = 0.0001) was attenuated during the first 60 min by glutamine (p = 0.007). We conclude that in healthy subjects, glutamine slows GE of both low- and high-nutrient drinks comparably and attenuates the rise in blood glucose after the high-nutrient glucose drink. |
topic |
glutamine gastric emptying glucose postprandial insulin glycaemia |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/10/6/739 |
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