Intraflagellar Transport Proteins as Regulators of Primary Cilia Length
Primary cilia are small, antenna-like organelles that detect and transduce chemical and mechanical cues in the extracellular environment, regulating cell behavior and, in turn, tissue development and homeostasis. Primary cilia are assembled via intraflagellar transport (IFT), which traffics protein...
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2021-05-01
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doaj-07bc14a8f67d4078be4b482647b9dca22021-05-19T04:41:49ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology2296-634X2021-05-01910.3389/fcell.2021.661350661350Intraflagellar Transport Proteins as Regulators of Primary Cilia LengthWei Wang0Brittany M. Jack1Henry H. Wang2Matthew A. Kavanaugh3Robin L. Maser4Pamela V. Tran5Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United StatesDepartment of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United StatesDepartment of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United StatesDepartment of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United StatesDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United StatesDepartment of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United StatesPrimary cilia are small, antenna-like organelles that detect and transduce chemical and mechanical cues in the extracellular environment, regulating cell behavior and, in turn, tissue development and homeostasis. Primary cilia are assembled via intraflagellar transport (IFT), which traffics protein cargo bidirectionally along a microtubular axoneme. Ranging from 1 to 10 μm long, these organelles typically reach a characteristic length dependent on cell type, likely for optimum fulfillment of their specific roles. The importance of an optimal cilia length is underscored by the findings that perturbation of cilia length can be observed in a number of cilia-related diseases. Thus, elucidating mechanisms of cilia length regulation is important for understanding the pathobiology of ciliary diseases. Since cilia assembly/disassembly regulate cilia length, we review the roles of IFT in processes that affect cilia assembly/disassembly, including ciliary transport of structural and membrane proteins, ectocytosis, and tubulin posttranslational modification. Additionally, since the environment of a cell influences cilia length, we also review the various stimuli encountered by renal epithelia in healthy and diseased states that alter cilia length and IFT.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2021.661350/fullIFT-BIFT-Aciliogenesiscilia disassemblyectocytosisposttranslational modification |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Wei Wang Brittany M. Jack Henry H. Wang Matthew A. Kavanaugh Robin L. Maser Pamela V. Tran |
spellingShingle |
Wei Wang Brittany M. Jack Henry H. Wang Matthew A. Kavanaugh Robin L. Maser Pamela V. Tran Intraflagellar Transport Proteins as Regulators of Primary Cilia Length Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology IFT-B IFT-A ciliogenesis cilia disassembly ectocytosis posttranslational modification |
author_facet |
Wei Wang Brittany M. Jack Henry H. Wang Matthew A. Kavanaugh Robin L. Maser Pamela V. Tran |
author_sort |
Wei Wang |
title |
Intraflagellar Transport Proteins as Regulators of Primary Cilia Length |
title_short |
Intraflagellar Transport Proteins as Regulators of Primary Cilia Length |
title_full |
Intraflagellar Transport Proteins as Regulators of Primary Cilia Length |
title_fullStr |
Intraflagellar Transport Proteins as Regulators of Primary Cilia Length |
title_full_unstemmed |
Intraflagellar Transport Proteins as Regulators of Primary Cilia Length |
title_sort |
intraflagellar transport proteins as regulators of primary cilia length |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |
issn |
2296-634X |
publishDate |
2021-05-01 |
description |
Primary cilia are small, antenna-like organelles that detect and transduce chemical and mechanical cues in the extracellular environment, regulating cell behavior and, in turn, tissue development and homeostasis. Primary cilia are assembled via intraflagellar transport (IFT), which traffics protein cargo bidirectionally along a microtubular axoneme. Ranging from 1 to 10 μm long, these organelles typically reach a characteristic length dependent on cell type, likely for optimum fulfillment of their specific roles. The importance of an optimal cilia length is underscored by the findings that perturbation of cilia length can be observed in a number of cilia-related diseases. Thus, elucidating mechanisms of cilia length regulation is important for understanding the pathobiology of ciliary diseases. Since cilia assembly/disassembly regulate cilia length, we review the roles of IFT in processes that affect cilia assembly/disassembly, including ciliary transport of structural and membrane proteins, ectocytosis, and tubulin posttranslational modification. Additionally, since the environment of a cell influences cilia length, we also review the various stimuli encountered by renal epithelia in healthy and diseased states that alter cilia length and IFT. |
topic |
IFT-B IFT-A ciliogenesis cilia disassembly ectocytosis posttranslational modification |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2021.661350/full |
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