Hypoxia Induced by Cobalt Chloride Triggers Autophagic Apoptosis of Human and Mouse Drug-Resistant Glioblastoma Cells through Targeting the PI3K-AKT-mTOR Signaling Pathway
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive brain tumor. Drug resistance mainly drives GBM patients to poor prognoses because drug-resistant glioblastoma cells highly defend against apoptotic insults. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of cobalt chloride (CoCl2) on hypoxic stre...
Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Hindawi Limited
2021-01-01
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Series: | Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity |
Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5558618 |