Producing Superphosphate with Sewage Sludge Ash: Assessment of Phosphorus Availability and Potential Toxic Element Contamination
Recovering and recycling phosphorus (P) from sewage sludge ash (SSA) for the purpose of P fertilizer production contributes to reducing the input of mined phosphate-minerals and closing of the P cycle. However, direct use of SSA as fertilizer is often a questionable strategy due to its low nutrient...
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doaj-07e7fcff4ccb4af5b6d4f30a893bd91c2021-08-26T13:25:36ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952021-07-01111506150610.3390/agronomy11081506Producing Superphosphate with Sewage Sludge Ash: Assessment of Phosphorus Availability and Potential Toxic Element ContaminationYawen You0Jakob Klein1Tobias Edward Hartmann2Peteh Mehdi Nkebiwe3Huaiyu Yang4Wei Zhang5Xinping Chen6Torsten Müller7Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, GermanyInstitute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, GermanyLeitung Fachbereich C—Pflanzliche Erzeugung, Landwirtschaftskammer für das Saarland, 66450 Bexbach, GermanyInstitute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, GermanyCollege of Resources and Environment, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environment, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environment, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, ChinaInstitute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, GermanyRecovering and recycling phosphorus (P) from sewage sludge ash (SSA) for the purpose of P fertilizer production contributes to reducing the input of mined phosphate-minerals and closing of the P cycle. However, direct use of SSA as fertilizer is often a questionable strategy due to its low nutrient use efficiency. In addition, the environmental risk potential of utilizing SSA in agriculture is still unclear, in particular potential toxic element (PTE) contamination. In this study, a mixture of SSA and rock phosphate was used at lab-scale superphosphate (SP) production. P availability of the final product and PTE contamination (Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni) in soil and crop was investigated through maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) cultivation. Results showed that the application of SP that was produced by 25% SSA replacement did not affect the growth, P uptake, and PTE content in aboveground maize compared to the application of SP produced without SSA replacement. However, significant inputs of SP with SSA replacement may decrease the solid-soil solution partitioning of Cu, Ni and Pb in the long-term. Separation of municipal/industrial sludge and PTE removal technology are necessary to be implemented prior to the use of SSA as a secondary raw material in P-fertilizer production.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/8/1506nutrient recyclingP availabilitysewage sludge ashpotential toxic element |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Yawen You Jakob Klein Tobias Edward Hartmann Peteh Mehdi Nkebiwe Huaiyu Yang Wei Zhang Xinping Chen Torsten Müller |
spellingShingle |
Yawen You Jakob Klein Tobias Edward Hartmann Peteh Mehdi Nkebiwe Huaiyu Yang Wei Zhang Xinping Chen Torsten Müller Producing Superphosphate with Sewage Sludge Ash: Assessment of Phosphorus Availability and Potential Toxic Element Contamination Agronomy nutrient recycling P availability sewage sludge ash potential toxic element |
author_facet |
Yawen You Jakob Klein Tobias Edward Hartmann Peteh Mehdi Nkebiwe Huaiyu Yang Wei Zhang Xinping Chen Torsten Müller |
author_sort |
Yawen You |
title |
Producing Superphosphate with Sewage Sludge Ash: Assessment of Phosphorus Availability and Potential Toxic Element Contamination |
title_short |
Producing Superphosphate with Sewage Sludge Ash: Assessment of Phosphorus Availability and Potential Toxic Element Contamination |
title_full |
Producing Superphosphate with Sewage Sludge Ash: Assessment of Phosphorus Availability and Potential Toxic Element Contamination |
title_fullStr |
Producing Superphosphate with Sewage Sludge Ash: Assessment of Phosphorus Availability and Potential Toxic Element Contamination |
title_full_unstemmed |
Producing Superphosphate with Sewage Sludge Ash: Assessment of Phosphorus Availability and Potential Toxic Element Contamination |
title_sort |
producing superphosphate with sewage sludge ash: assessment of phosphorus availability and potential toxic element contamination |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Agronomy |
issn |
2073-4395 |
publishDate |
2021-07-01 |
description |
Recovering and recycling phosphorus (P) from sewage sludge ash (SSA) for the purpose of P fertilizer production contributes to reducing the input of mined phosphate-minerals and closing of the P cycle. However, direct use of SSA as fertilizer is often a questionable strategy due to its low nutrient use efficiency. In addition, the environmental risk potential of utilizing SSA in agriculture is still unclear, in particular potential toxic element (PTE) contamination. In this study, a mixture of SSA and rock phosphate was used at lab-scale superphosphate (SP) production. P availability of the final product and PTE contamination (Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni) in soil and crop was investigated through maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) cultivation. Results showed that the application of SP that was produced by 25% SSA replacement did not affect the growth, P uptake, and PTE content in aboveground maize compared to the application of SP produced without SSA replacement. However, significant inputs of SP with SSA replacement may decrease the solid-soil solution partitioning of Cu, Ni and Pb in the long-term. Separation of municipal/industrial sludge and PTE removal technology are necessary to be implemented prior to the use of SSA as a secondary raw material in P-fertilizer production. |
topic |
nutrient recycling P availability sewage sludge ash potential toxic element |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/8/1506 |
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